Cliffs and Rock Coasts

Trenhaile, Alan S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374711-2.00309-0

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, different erosion rates may occur over several time and space scales as a function of the mechanical properties of the eroding lithologies (Trenhaile, 2011). Likewise, these properties may also influence the quantity and type of available mobile sediment in the system.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Shoreline Lithologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gradient of intertidal shore platforms -and consequently erosional rocky shelves -is determined by the tidal range, rock resistance, and the wave regime (Trenhaile, 1987(Trenhaile, , 2000(Trenhaile, , 2011. The absolute and relative efficacy of these process suites varies spatially and temporally, so that wave erosion or weathering can be dominant at a particular time or in a particular place on a platform surface.…”

Section: Marine Erosion and The Development Of Shore Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large volume, catastrophic lateral flank collapses may remove huge volumes from island edifices, dramatically changing coastal outlines and reseting marine erosion (Mitchell, 2003). Small, either gradual or catastrophic, mass movements are simultaneously one of the most effective mechanisms of cliff erosion and an important source of coarse sediment (Griggs and Trenhaile, 1994;Bird, 2008;Trenhaile, 2011). Small inland landslides may both dam river valleys and temporarily interrupt riverine sediment discharge or contribute to a catastrophic delivery of sediments to coasts.…”

Section: Mass Wastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effective erosion of sea cliffs by waves and weathering (with removal of the weathered debris) produces shore platforms (previously known as wave-cut or abrasion platforms), horizontal to gently sloping rock surfaces extending between the high and low tidal levels (Trenhaile, 1987(Trenhaile, , 2011. The gradient of intertidal shore platforms -and consequently erosional rocky shelves -is determined by the tidal range, rock resistance, and the wave regime (Trenhaile, 1987(Trenhaile, , 2000(Trenhaile, , 2011.…”

Section: Marine Erosion and The Development Of Shore Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: A complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea-level change and biogenic production

Ramalho¹,

Quartau

Trenhaile

et al. 2013

Earth-Science Reviews

153

147

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The growth and decay of oceanic hotspot volcanoes are intrinsically related to a competition between volcanic construction and erosive destruction, and coastlines are at the forefront of such confrontation. In this paper, we review the several mechanisms that interact and contribute to the development of coastlines on oceanic island volcanoes, and how these processes evolve throughout the islands' lifetime. Volcanic constructional processes dominate during the emergent island and subaerial shield-building stages. During the emergent island stage, surtseyan activity prevails and hydroclastic and pyroclastic structures form; these structures are generally ephemeral because they can be rapidly obliterated by marine erosion. With the onset of the subaerial shield-building stage, coastal evolution is essentially characterized by rapid but intermittent lateral growth through the formation of lava deltas, largely expanding the coastlines until they, typically, reach their maximum extension. With the post-shield quiescence in volcanic activity, destructive processes gradually take over and coastlines retreat, adopting a more prominent profile; mass wasting and marine and fluvial erosion reshape the landscape and, if conditions are favorable, biogenic processes assume a prominent role. Posterosional volcanic activity may temporarily reverse the balance by renewing coastline expansion, but islands inexorably enter in a long battle for survival above sea level. Reef growth and/or uplift may also prolong the island's lifetime above the waves. The ultimate fate of most islands, however, is to be drowned through subsidence and/or truncation by marine erosion.Keywords complex, interplay, between, volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea, level, islands, change, coastal, biogenic, production, oceanic, evolution, volcanic, GeoQuest Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication DetailsRamalho, R. S., Quartau, R., Trenhaile, A. S., Mitchell, N. C., Woodroffe, C. D. & Avila, S. P. (2013). Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: a complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sealevel change and biogenic production. Earth-Science Reviews, 127 140-170. AbstractThe growth and decay of oceanic hotspot volcanoes are intrinsically related to a competition between volcanic construction and erosive destruction, and coastlines are at the forefront of such confrontation. In this paper, we review the several mechanisms that interact and contribute to the development of coastlines on oceanic island volcanoes, and how these processes evolve throughout the islands' lifetime. Volcanic constructional processes dominate during the emergent island and subaerial shield-building stages. During the emergent island stage, surtseyan activity prevails and hydroclastic and pyroclastic structures form; these structures are generally ephemeral because they can be rapidly obliterated by marine erosion. With the onset of the subaerial shield-building stage, coastal evolution is essentially ch...

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Section: Mechanical Properties Of Shoreline Lithologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Marine Erosion and The Development Of Shore Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass Wastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Marine Erosion and The Development Of Shore Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: A complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea-level change and biogenic production

Ramalho¹,

Quartau

Trenhaile

et al. 2013

Earth-Science Reviews

153

147

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“…Difficul�es in reliably delimi�ng the ver�cal rela�onships of inferred shorelines to the sea level at the �me of their forma�on, coupled with uncertain�es in constraining their age, have contributed to this lack of consensus. This situa�on is exemplified by the use of rocky shore morphology, such as shore pla�orms and notches, which have featured prominently in previous work.Shore-pla�orms develop in the inter�dal zone where erosional processes, such as hydraulic quarrying, operate at or near to the water surface (Trenhaile, 1997(Trenhaile, , 2000(Trenhaile, , 2012. Whilst they are clearly linked to RSL and �dal range, mean pla�orm eleva�on and the height of the junc�on between the cliff and the seaward shore pla�orm (the cliff-pla�orm junc�on) varies within the inter�dal zone according to wave exposure, weathering intensity and the resistance of the rock (Trenhaile and Byrne, 1986;Trenhaile, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the development of rocky shoreline profiles along the northern coast of Ireland

2013

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Modelling the Development of Rocky Shoreline Profiles along the Northern Coast of IrelandEmail: robin.edwards@tcd.ie AbstractA mathema�cal wave-erosion model is used to simulate postglacial shoreline profiles along the rocky, high energy coast of the north of Ireland. The wave erosion model is driven by a suite of rela�ve sea-level (RSL) curves for the last 16,000 years produced from four glacial rebound models. Mul�ple runs are performed with different ini�al shore profiles and rock resistances to inves�gate shoreline evolu�on and the significance of inherited morphology on the resultant profile shape. The simulated profiles are then compared with mapped profiles from three areas of the north of Ireland with different lithological and hydrographic proper�es.Modelled profiles generally replicate the overall mean shoreline gradients observed across the region when rock resistance is rela�vely high and erosion rates correspondingly low. In these profiles, breaks in mean slope are observed at depths comparable to the RSL minima in several of the RSL scenarios (at c. -10m, -15m and -20m for North Antrim, Derry and Donegal respec�vely). At Portrush and Portballintrae (Derry), profiles may be influenced by structural controls rela�ng to the underlying basalt surface and the removal of overlying glaciogenic sediments.All RSL scenarios replicate the observed eastward increase in cliff-pla�orm junc�on height, reflec�ng the differen�al glacioisosta�c rebound experienced along the coast. However, the precise eleva�on at which the simulated cliff base occurs is sensi�ve to the choice of RSL scenario, sugges�ng that this parameter may prove useful in evalua�ng glacial rebound model performance. Several of the RSL scenarios generate raised shore pla�orms or terraces in North Antrim and Derry at heights comparable to raised shoreline features reported in the literature. However, no single curve or combina�on of parameters is capable of genera�ng the range of pla�orm and terrace features observed in the bathymetric and topographic data. These misfits are consistent with the idea that many rock pla�orm or terrace features are inherited from an earlier phase or phases of RSL.Keywords: wave erosion, model, rela�ve sea level, rock coast, shore pla�orms, marine terraces, IrelandAbbrevia�ons: Rela�ve Sea Level (RSL); Joint Irish Bathymetric Survey (JIBS); Digital Eleva�on Model (DEM); mean high water spring �de (MHWS), mean high water neap �de (MHWN), mid-�de (MT), mean low water neap �de (MLWN), and mean low water spring �de (MLWS); Ordnance Datum Malin Head (OD) This is the author's final copy of a published manuscript made available via Trinity's Access to Research Archive (TARA). This item is protected by original copyright. For full details visit the TARA website at www.tara.tcd.ie Author's Final Copy Available via Trinity College Dublin's Open Access Repository (www.tara.tcd.ie) 2 Introduc�onThe high energy, wave dominated coastline of the north of Ireland comprises rocky cliffs and shore pla�orms, commonly associated with g...

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Coastal Erosion Processes and Landforms

Trenhaile

2017

International Encyclopedia of Geography

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Most landforms on rocky coasts are the result of erosion, although these coasts often host a variety of sandy to boulder beaches, as well as functioning as an important source of sediment for adjacent coastal areas. The erosional processes and mechanisms, including mechanical wave erosion, weathering, bioerosion, and various types of mass movement, produce landforms such as bays and headlands, sea cliffs, shore platforms, and arches, stacks, and caves. Many types of rock coast develop very slowly and may have been inherited, in part, from previous interglacial stages when sea level was similar to today.

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Cliffs and Rock Coasts

Cited by 16 publications

References 109 publications

Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: A complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea-level change and biogenic production

Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: A complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea-level change and biogenic production

Modelling the development of rocky shoreline profiles along the northern coast of Ireland

Coastal Erosion Processes and Landforms

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