Clientelism and State Violence in Subnational Democratic Consolidation in Bahia, Brazil1

Herrmann, Julián Durazo; Hilgers, Tina; Macdonald, Laura

doi:10.1017/9781108140553.011

Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean 2017

DOI: 10.1017/9781108140553.011

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Clientelism and State Violence in Subnational Democratic Consolidation in Bahia, Brazil1

Julián Durazo Herrmann¹,

Tina Hilgers²,

Laura Macdonald³

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The Social Origins of Institutional Weakness and Change: Preferences, Power, and Police Reform in Latin America

González¹

2018

World Pol.

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Despite historic increases in crime and violence, Latin America’s police forces are characterized by long periods of institutional weakness punctuated by rare, sweeping reforms. To understand these patterns of institutional continuity and change, the author applies the concept of structural power, demonstrating how police leverage their control of coercion to constrain the policy options available to politicians. Within this constrained policy space, politicians choosing between continuity and reform assess societal preferences for police reform and patterns of political competition. Under fragmented societal preferences, irrespective of political competition, reform brings little electoral gain and risks alienating a powerful bureaucracy. Preference fragmentation thus favors the persistence of institutional weakness. When societal preferences converge and a robust political opposition threatens incumbents, politicians face an electoral counterweight to the structural power of police, making reform likely. Using evidence from periods of continuity and reform in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, the author traces both outcomes to shifts in societal preferences and political opposition. Despite the imperative to address citizens’ demands by building state capacity in security provision, these cases show that police reform is often rendered electorally disadvantageous.

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The Social Origins of Institutional Weakness and Change: Preferences, Power, and Police Reform in Latin America

González¹

2018

World Pol.

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Mall Cop or Robocop? The Political Determinants of Police Militarization in Brazil

Albarracín,

Tiscornia

2024

Political Research Quarterly

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Police militarization is prevalent worldwide. Despite growing interest in the consequences of militarization, few studies focus on its causes. Through the case of Brazilian municipal police forces, we explore the connection between partisan ideology and police militarization. Some research shows that leftist administrations in democracies are more likely to emphasize human rights and less likely to militarize the police. However, leftist administrations might militarize police forces more than centrist and right-wing parties to compensate for perceptions of lower competence to deal with security issues, especially when they face high levels of violent crime. Using inverse probability of treatment weights, we show an association between leftist mayors and higher militarization of municipal police forces. Furthermore, in contexts of high homicide rates, mayors of Brazil’s leading leftist party, the Workers' Party, tend to militarize local police more than others.

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Clientelism and State Violence in Subnational Democratic Consolidation in Bahia, Brazil1

Cited by 2 publications

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The Social Origins of Institutional Weakness and Change: Preferences, Power, and Police Reform in Latin America

The Social Origins of Institutional Weakness and Change: Preferences, Power, and Police Reform in Latin America

Mall Cop or Robocop? The Political Determinants of Police Militarization in Brazil

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