“…Likewise, psychoanalytically oriented therapists also frequently engaged in these four activities, but in addition often encouraged clients to associate to dream images, worked with conflicts represented in dreams, interpreted dreams in terms of waking life and past experiences, invited clients to tell dreams, encouraged clients to re-experience feelings in dreams, used dream images as metaphors later in therapy, and mentioned to clients that they were willing to work with dreams . Similarly, clients who discussed dreams indicated that therapists most often helped them interpret their dreams, relate their dreams to waking life, and associate to dream images (Crook Lyon and Hill, 2004). Hence, although both cognitively and psychoanalytically oriented therapists used many activities to work with dreams, they most often focused on exploring and understanding the dreams; they rarely addressed how clients might change their dreams or make changes in waking life based on their understanding of dreams.…”