Client-Centered Group Therapy Compared with Behavior Modification in Changing Inappropriate Behavior of Elementary School Children

Subotnik, Lenore S.

doi:10.1159/000286846

Psychother Psychosom

1975

DOI: 10.1159/000286846

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Client-Centered Group Therapy Compared with Behavior Modification in Changing Inappropriate Behavior of Elementary School Children

Lenore S. Subotnik¹

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1976

1979

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“…However, many of the data in this study were derived from projective techniques, narrative reports, and self-reports by teacher-leaders, and, consequently, are open to criticisms of bias and difficulty in interpretation. Another type of school-based group approach was reported by Subotnik ( 1975), who compared clientcentered group therapy with individually-administered behavior modification with the group approach yielding improved behavioral observation measures.…”

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A peer group socialization therapy program in the school: An outcome investigation

Hargrave¹,

Hargrave²

1979

Psychol. Schs.

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This article presents an outcome study of a 14-session preadolescent peer-group therapy program conducted in an elementary school. Group structure and activities designed to facilitate the acquisition of social skills with peers are presented. The results indicated that group members improved significantly in task-oriented classroom behaviors; however, the relationship between this improvement and improved social skills is unclear. A discussion is provided, and implications for further research are discussed.As children develop, there are specific tasks and skills that they must master. One class of behaviors that has received considerable recent attention is the development of age-appropriate social skills (Brown & Brown, 1976;Hartup, 1973; McCandless, 197 1;Strain & Shores, 1977). The developmental stage during which social skill acquisition is particularly critical is the middle childhood period commonly referred to as "latency" or "preadolescence." This stage, ranging from approximately 8 through 12 years, has been characterized by Erikson (1950) as decisively important for the social development of the individual. Failure to master skills during this period will lead to the incorporation of a sense of inadequacy and inferiority into a child's self-concept.One particularly crucial element of the socialization process during the preadolescent years is the child's effective integration into the peer group. Sullivan (1945) referred to the 8% to 12-year-old age period as the "juvenile era," during which the child must develop a relationship with a peer group in order to extend his sense of self outside the family system. Increasingly important with age, the peer group provides a variety of opportunities. It is indispensable in the role rehearsal of many interpersonal skills; it provides important feedback concerning self-judgements and self-esteem; and, up until adolescence, it is the primary arena for the child's development of peer-influenced socialization. In reviewing the effects of the peer group in development, Hartup (1973) stated that major predictive studies have established a relationship between adjustment to the childhood peer group and later adolescent and adult emotional status.Since the school provides a major setting for peer-group activities, one would expect that the development of effective peer relations would be a major programmatic focus in this setting. Minimally, one would hope to find social skills programs designed for children whose relationships with peers are typically problematic, such as children with learning disabilities. Yet several authors (Ledebur, 1977; McCandless, 197 1) have suggested that this area of learning and development is ignored by schools more frequently than it is faced.Requests for reprints should be sent to George E. Hargrave. Suite 109, 12820 Hillcrest Rd., Dallas, TX 75230. 546

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A peer group socialization therapy program in the school: An outcome investigation

Hargrave¹,

Hargrave²

1979

Psychol. Schs.

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The Group Psychotherapy Literature: 1975

Reddy

Colson²,

Keys

1976

International Journal of Group Psychotherapy

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Client-Centered Group Therapy Compared with Behavior Modification in Changing Inappropriate Behavior of Elementary School Children

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

A peer group socialization therapy program in the school: An outcome investigation

A peer group socialization therapy program in the school: An outcome investigation

The Group Psychotherapy Literature: 1975

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