Clicking for calamari: toothed whales can echolocate squid Loligo pealeii

Madsen, Peter T.; Wilson, Maria; Johnson, Mark; Hanlon, Roger T.; Bocconcelli, Alessandro; Soto, Natacha Aguilar de; Tyack, Peter L.

doi:10.3354/ab00014

Cited by 62 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Sperm whale echolocation clicks have been studied in detail by several authors, who demonstrated that they are adapted to locate medium-sized squids, among other prey (Madsen et al, 2002(Madsen et al, , 2007Mohl et al, 2003;André et al, 2007). The most common pulsed sound emissions heard during sperm whale deep dives are 'usual clicks'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging dives of sperm whales in the north-western Mediterranean Sea

Gannier¹,

Petiau

Dulau³

et al. 2012

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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Oceanic odontocetes rely on echolocation to forage on pelagic or benthic prey, but their feeding ecology is difficult to study. We studied sperm whale foraging dives during summer in the north-western Mediterranean, using visual and passive acoustic observations. Clicking and creaking activities were recorded during dives of focal whales, at distances ,3000 m using a towed hydrophone and DAT recorder. A total of 52 sperm whales were recorded over at least one full dive cycle. Data were obtained for 156 complete dives in total, including sequences of up to nine consecutive dives. Various dive and environmental variables were entered in multiple linear regression and principal components analysis, as well as estimated mass of whales. Creak rate was 0.80 creak/minute on average, with moderate variance. Bigger whales tended to dive longer at greater depths (as suggested by ascent durations), and emitted more creaks during a dive: 20.2 creaks/dive on average for individuals ,24 tons, compared to 25.6 creaks/dive for animals .24 tons of estimated mass. For individual whales, creak rates did not vary significantly with size (range 0.78 -0.80 creak/minute), but decreased with time of the day, and increased for shorter foraging phases. For different dives, higher creak rates were also observed earlier in the day, and linked to shorter foraging phases and surface durations. Although the exact significance of creak emissions (i.e. foraging attempt or prey capture) is not precisely determined, creak rates may be reliably used to quantify sperm whale foraging when single animal dives can be followed acoustically.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging dives of sperm whales in the north-western Mediterranean Sea

Gannier¹,

Petiau

Dulau³

et al. 2012

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…Accordingly, the acoustic scattering by cuttlefish is expected to fluctuate in proportion with changes in the overall density of cuttlebone. Madsen et al (2007) reported that the muscular mantle and fins of the common squid are the dominant scatterers, and that the hard parts-such as beak, eyes and pen-contribute little to the TS of squid, at least for frequencies representative of the clicks of most teutophageous toothed whales. This suggests that the acoustic interference of the muscular mantle, fins and cuttlebone in freely swimming cuttlefish are complexly generated based on frequency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of cuttlebone on the target strength of live golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta) at 70 and 120 kHz

Lee

2016

Fish Aquatic Sci

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To quantitatively estimate the influence of cuttlebone on the target strength (TS) of golden cuttlefish, the cuttlebone was carefully extracted from 19 live cuttlefish caught using traps in the inshore waters around Geojedo, Korea, in early May 2010 and the TS was measured using split-beam echosounders (Simrad ES60 and EY500). The TS-length relationships for the cuttlefish (before the extraction of cuttlebone, Fish Aquat Sci. 17:361-7, 2014) and the corresponding cuttlebone were compared. The cuttlebone length (L b ) ranged from 151 to 195 mm (mean L b = 168.3 mm) and the mass (W b ) ranged from 29.3 to 53.2 g (mean W b = 38.8 g). The mean TS values at 70 and 120 kHz were −33.60 dB (std = 1.12 dB) and −32.24 dB (std = 1.87 dB), respectively. The mean TS values of cuttlebone were 0.19 dB and 0.04 dB lower than those of cuttlefish at 70 and 120 kHz, respectively. For 70 and 120 kHz combined, the mean TS value of cuttlebone was −32.87 dB, 0.11 dB lower than that of cuttlefish (−32.76 dB). On the other hand, the mean TS value of cuttlebone predicted by the regression (TS b = 24.86 log 10 L b -4.86 log 10 λ -22.58, r 2 = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01) was −33.10 dB, 0.04 dB lower than that of cuttlefish predicted by the regression (TS c = 24.62 log 10 L c -4.62 log 10 λ -22.64, r 2 = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01). That is, the contribution of cuttlebone to the cuttlefish TS determined by the measured results was slightly greater than that by the predicted results. These results suggest that cuttlebone is responsible for the TS of cuttlefish, and the contribution is estimated to be at least 99 % of the total echo strength.

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“…The knowledge about beaked whale ecology, particularly their dive patterns (Baird et al, , 2008Hobson and Martin, 1996;Hooker and Baird, 1999;Tyack et al, 2006) and acoustic behaviors Frantzis et al, 2002;Johnson et al, 2004Johnson et al, , 2006Johnson et al, , 2007Jones et al, 2008; 0025-326X/$ -see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.003 Madsen et al, 2005Madsen et al, , 2007Pavan et al, 2009;Zimmer et al, 2005Zimmer and Pavan, 2008) has been enhanced by recent studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk mapping for sensitive species to underwater anthropogenic sound emissions: Model development and validation in two Mediterranean areas

Azzellino

Lanfredi

D’Amico

et al. 2011

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Azzellino, Arianna; Lanfredi, C.; D' Amico, A.; Pavan, G.; Podestà, M.; and Haun, J., "Risk mapping for sensitive species to underwater anthropogenic sound emissions: Model development and validation in two Mediterranean areas" (2011 a b s t r a c tRecent observations of cetacean mass strandings, coincident with anthropogenic sounds emissions, have raised concerns on the potential environmental impact of underwater noise. Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) was reported in all the cited stranding events. Within the NATO Marine Mammal Risk Mitigation project (MMRM), multiple interdisciplinary sea trials have been conducted in the Mediterranean Sea with the objective of developing tools and procedures to mitigate the impact of underwater sound emissions. During these cruises, visual observations, passive acoustic detections and environmental data were collected. The aim of this study was to evaluate ''a priori'' predictions of Cuvier's beaked whale presence in the Alboran Sea, using models developed in the Ligurian Sea that employ bathymetric and chlorophyll features as predictors. The accuracy of these predictions was found adequate and elements are given to account for the uncertainties associated to the use of models developed in areas different from their calibration site.

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Clicking for calamari: toothed whales can echolocate squid Loligo pealeii

Cited by 62 publications

References 42 publications

Foraging dives of sperm whales in the north-western Mediterranean Sea

Foraging dives of sperm whales in the north-western Mediterranean Sea

The influence of cuttlebone on the target strength of live golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta) at 70 and 120 kHz

Risk mapping for sensitive species to underwater anthropogenic sound emissions: Model development and validation in two Mediterranean areas

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