Clenbuterol residues in pig muscle after repeat administration in a growth-promoting dose

Pleadin, Jelka; Vulić, Ana; Perši, Nina; Vahčić, Nada

doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.06.013

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The use of clenbuterol in the livestock industry is regulated in the USA and the European Union due to side effects in humans caused by consumption of meat from treated animals, for example cattle and lambs. But it was also reported that clenbuterol was often illegally used in several countries to accelerate the fattening …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But it was also reported that clenbuterol was often illegally used in several countries to accelerate the fattening. [12,[14][15][16][17][18] Because clenbuterol does not belong to the threshold substances of the prohibited list, any positive detection in urine may potentially lead to an adverse analytical finding (AAF). [1] During the last few years, several athletes were tested positive for clenbuterol in very low concentration levels in urine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Statistical significance of hair analysis of clenbuterol to discriminate therapeutic use from contamination

Krumbholz

Anielski

Gfrerer³

et al. 2014

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clenbuterol is a well-established β2-agonist, which is prohibited in sports and strictly regulated for use in the livestock industry. During the last few years clenbuterol-positive results in doping controls and in samples from residents or travellers from a high-risk country were suspected to be related the illegal use of clenbuterol for fattening. A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to detect low clenbuterol residues in hair with a detection limit of 0.02 pg/mg. A sub-therapeutic application study and a field study with volunteers, who have a high risk of contamination, were performed. For the application study, a total dosage of 30 µg clenbuterol was applied to 20 healthy volunteers on 5 subsequent days. One month after the beginning of the application, clenbuterol was detected in the proximal hair segment (0-1 cm) in concentrations between 0.43 and 4.76 pg/mg. For the second part, samples of 66 Mexican soccer players were analyzed. In 89% of these volunteers, clenbuterol was detectable in their hair at concentrations between 0.02 and 1.90 pg/mg. A comparison of both parts showed no statistical difference between sub-therapeutic application and contamination. In contrast, discrimination to a typical abuse of clenbuterol is apparently possible. Due to these findings results of real doping control samples can be evaluated.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical significance of hair analysis of clenbuterol to discriminate therapeutic use from contamination

Krumbholz

Anielski

Gfrerer³

et al. 2014

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Considering a common daily urine volume of two litres, a corresponding theoretic urinary concentration of 1.5 ng/ml can be calculated. According to literature the concentrations in meat (muscle) after administration of typical doses of 20 µg/kg clenbuterol to pigs yielded maximum concentrations of 4.4 to 6.1 µg/kg . Assuming a consumption of 300 g of contaminated meat (muscle), these amounts would result in an intake of 1.3–1.9 µg of clenbuterol, which is approx.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to literature the concentrations in meat (muscle) after administration of typical doses of 20 mg/kg clenbuterol to pigs yielded maximum S. Guddat et al concentrations of 4.4 to 6.1 mg/kg. [8,18] Assuming a consumption of 300 g of contaminated meat (muscle), these amounts would result in an intake of 1.3-1.9 mg of clenbuterol, which is approx. one-tenth of a typical therapeutic single dose of 20 mg used in man.…”

Section: Studied Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clenbuterol – regional food contamination a possible source for inadvertent doping in sports

Guddat

Fußhöller

Geyer

et al. 2012

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The misuse of the sympathomimetic and anabolic agent clenbuterol has been frequently reported in professional sport and in the livestock industry. In 2010, a team of athletes returned from competition in China and regular doping control samples were taken within the next two days. All urine samples contained low amounts (pg/ml) of clenbuterol, drawing the attention to a well-known problem: the possibility of an unintended clenbuterol intake with food. A warning that Chinese meat is possibly contaminated with prohibited substances according to international anti-doping regulations was also given by Chinese officials just before the Bejing Olympic Games in 2008. To investigate if clenbuterol can be found in human urine, a study was initiated comprising 28 volunteers collecting urine samples after their return from China. For the quantification of clenbuterol at a low pg/ml level, a very sensitive and specific isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed using liquid/liquid re-extraction for clean-up with a limit of detection and quantification of 1 and 3 pg/ml, respectively. The method was validated demonstrating good precision (intra-day: 2.9-5.5 %; inter-day: 5.1-8.8%), accuracy (89.5-102.5%) and mean recovery (81.4%). Clenbuterol was detectable in 22 (79%) of the analyzed samples, indicating a general food contamination problem despite an official clenbuterol prohibition in China for livestock.

show abstract

“…The human health risk was calculated using amount of betaagonists in percentage that remained in animal products, referred from researches [7]- [9]. The obtained results are hereafter being identified for typing of animal feeds for finding the amount of beta-agonists that residue in animal product, by compare between the proportion in term of percentage and the residue in each kind of animal product.…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Beta-agonists in Animal Feeds by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Health Risk Assessment

Yodrasing¹,

Boontanon²,

Boontanon³

2015

International Conference on Agricultural, Ecological and Medical Sciences (AEMS-2015) April 7-8, 2015 Phuket (Thailand)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contamination of beta-agonists (salbutamol, clenbuterol and ractopamine) were measured in a total 74 collected animal feed samples including 33 swine, 18 cattle and 23 chicken by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The most often found were salbutamol, clenbuterol and ractopamine representing of 95, 74 and 53 percent, respectively and most found in cattle feeds followed by swine and poultry feeds, respectively. The result detected that there was a clenbuterol substance in high concentration of each kinds of samples. Clenbuterol which was found in high concentration the range from 0.35-3.94 ng/g on swine feeds. Salbutamol and ractopamine were found in the similar range of high concentration the range from 0.06-2.95 ng/g on cattle feeds. This illegal usage may harm to animal, human and environment. Therefore, monitoring of drugs in feed has become important to ensure feed and food safety.

show abstract

Clenbuterol residues in pig muscle after repeat administration in a growth-promoting dose

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Statistical significance of hair analysis of clenbuterol to discriminate therapeutic use from contamination

Statistical significance of hair analysis of clenbuterol to discriminate therapeutic use from contamination

Clenbuterol – regional food contamination a possible source for inadvertent doping in sports

Analysis of Beta-agonists in Animal Feeds by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Health Risk Assessment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About