“…Redox active metal ions and/or complexes of Cu II [3,7,17,21,44], Cr III [45], Cr V [46], Fe III [1,2,[4][5][6]8,9,11,13,14,16,18,19,21,22,[24][25][26][27][28], Ni II [23], Rh III [11], and V V [10,12,15,20] have been used to promote the oxidative cleavage of peptide amide bonds in folded proteins under nondenaturing conditions. In the majority of cases (e.g., Cu II , Cr III , Cr V , Fe III , and V V ), cleavage is thought to arise from abstraction of peptide backbone α-carbon hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl radicals and other metal-generated, reactive oxygen species [45,[53][54][55][56].…”