Cleavable comonomers enable degradable, recyclable thermoset plastics

Shieh, Peyton; Zhang, Wenxu; Husted, Keith E. L.; Kristufek, Samantha L.; Xiong, Boya; Lundberg, David; Lem, Jet; Veysset, David; Sun, Yuchen; Nelson, Keith A.; Plata, Desirée L.; Johnson, Jeremiah A.

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2495-2

Cited by 322 publications

(295 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…58 Most recently, the comonomer strategy has been utilized to render degradability and recyclability of thermosets via incorporation of a cleavable comonomer. 59 Whereas copolymerization can be employed as an effective strategy to mitigate the trade-offs, increasing speciation can complicate the chemical recycling and the copolymer properties are often still confined within those of constituent homopolymers. 58 Hybridization is a common phenomenon found in chemistry and biology, the process of which combines the qualities of different varieties or species of parents to produce offspring that can be distinctively or radically different than the parents.…”

Section: The Bigger Picturementioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid monomer design for unifying conflicting polymerizability, recyclability, and performance properties

Shi

Caporaso

et al. 2021

Chem

109

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Section: The Bigger Picturementioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid monomer design for unifying conflicting polymerizability, recyclability, and performance properties

Shi

Caporaso

et al. 2021

Chem

109

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“…The most widely used polymerization method for the backbone formation via grafting‐through is ROMP. [ 82–88 ] The investigations on ROMP contributed scientific significance for the synthesis of Janus bottlebrush polymers. Guironnet and co‐workers [ 89 ] reported the mechanistic and kinetic studies of ROMP of NB‐based monomers.…”

Section: Design and Synthesis Of Janus Bottlebrush Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Synthesis, and Self‐Assembly of Janus Bottlebrush Polymers

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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in solution, [28-30] and at the interfaces [31,32] features the unique microstructures and varied applications (Figure 1C). Janus bottlebrush polymers are a class of special molecular brushes, which have two incompatible side chains on the same repeating unit of the backbone. [33] "Janus" is the god in ancient Roman religion and myth with two faces looking to the past and the future. [34] In scientific community, the phrases containing Janus, such as "Janus nanoparticles," [35-38] "Janus beads," [39,40] and "Janus polymerization," [41-43] indicate something consisting of counterparts. [44-46] The design of Janus bottlebrush polymers was inspired by Janus particles. [35,47-49] The characteristic of Janus bottlebrush polymers is that the repeating unit of the backbone possesses two immiscible side chains. [50-52] Core-shell bottlebrush polymers with block copolymers as the side chains are usually not Janus-type unless the block side chains are unsymmetrical. [6] An emerging Janus core-shell bottlebrush polymer has been developed by transferring the side chains from homo polymers to two different block copolymers. [53] Design, synthesis, and self-assembly of Janus bottlebrush polymers have arouse much interest in polymer chemistry and material science. [54,55] In general, Janus bottlebrush polymers could be prepared via backbone-first [50] (grafting-to and graftingfrom) or side-chain-first [56] (grafting-through) strategy. Most of Janus bottlebrush polymers were reported via grafting-through approach. Macromonomers are first designed and subsequently polymerizations occur to form the backbone. [23] Backbonefirst route also allows for the synthesis of Janus bottlebrush polymers by using combined grafting-to and grafting-from approach. [57] The special unsymmetrical architectures enable Janus bottlebrush polymers to achieve ideal phase separation in bulk, [58,59] in solution, [52] and at the interface. [32] The preorganized interface can promote self-assembly process and avoid the distorted phase separation. [32,33] The self-assembly of Janus bottlebrush polymers achieves small domain size and tunable bulk property, [58,59] which is challenging for the traditional linear or bottlebrush polymers. [60,61] Therefore, Janus bottlebrush polymers have great potential applications in nanolithography, [58] photonic crystals, [62] biomedicine, [53] surfactants, [63] etc. The big families of bottlebrush polymers have been nicely reviewed by Grubbs and co-workers, [64] Müllner and coworkers, [65-67] Rzayev and co-workers, [7] Verduzco and coworkers, [6] and Matyjaszewski and co-workers [2]. As a young but significant class, Janus bottlebrush polymers have achieved remarkable advances in recent years. Therefore, this review attempts to focus on Janus bottlebrush polymers, covering Janus bottlebrush polymers are a class of special molecular brushes, which have two immiscible side chains on the repeating unit of the backbone. The characteristic architectures of Janus bottlebrush polymers enable unique selfassembly properties and br...

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“…Consequently, research efforts directed toward the investigation and development of mechanoresponsive materials has drawn ever increasing attention. [ 2,3,5–8 ] Polymers that translate mechanical stresses into a defined response are thought to be useful for many different applications, including as tamper‐proof packaging materials, [ 9 ] as degradable plastics, [ 10,11 ] or for structural health monitoring. [ 12 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Molecules to Polymers—Harnessing Inter‐ and Intramolecular Interactions to Create Mechanochromic Materials

Traeger

Kiebala

Weder

et al. 2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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tion occurs to avoid catastrophic materials failure and to possibly redirect degradation processes into useful responses. Consequently, research efforts directed toward the investigation and development of mechanoresponsive materials has drawn ever increasing attention. [2,3,5-8] Polymers that translate mechanical stresses into a defined response are thought to be useful for many different applications, including as tamper-proof packaging materials, [9] as degradable plastics, [10,11] or for structural health monitoring. [12] One possibility to render polymers mechanoresponsive is the integration of so-called mechanophores. The latter generally feature a weak covalent bond that undergoes either homo-or heterolytic cleavage upon experiencing a force that exceeds a certain threshold. [1,5,7,13,14] These motifs are covalently incorporated into a polymer and serve as predefined weak links that preferentially break or transform in response to an applied mechanical force. [1,6,14-16] Widely investigated mechanophores include spiropyrans, 1,2-dioxetanes, and Diels-Alder adducts. [16-18] The rate constants, threshold forces, and transition state bond-lengths and energies of many mechanophores have been well-characterized via techniques such as single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), [19-22] force-modified potential energy surface modeling, [23] and in situ activation using sonication. [2,22,24] The insights gained in such studies have driven advancements in the field of mechanoresponsive materials and the mechanical activation has, for example, been harnessed to promote thermodynamically unfavorable reactions, [19] affect the intra-or intermolecular transfer of protons, [20,25,26] release small molecules, [27] initiate the depolymerization of the surrounding material, [10,28] or elicit changes in the material's color or fluorescence. [16,17,29] The fact that the active bond or functional group of a mechanophore is typically cleaved irreversibly can limit its utility. Some mechanophores can be returned to their original state through an additional stimulus such as light or heat, but unless the mechanophore undergoes a nonscissile cleavage (e.g., a ring-opening reaction, such as in spiropyrans), the reversal is generally hampered by kinetic factors that leave the mechanophore in its cleaved state. [30] An irreversible response can be desirable for some

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Cleavable comonomers enable degradable, recyclable thermoset plastics

Cited by 322 publications

References 41 publications

Hybrid monomer design for unifying conflicting polymerizability, recyclability, and performance properties

Hybrid monomer design for unifying conflicting polymerizability, recyclability, and performance properties

Design, Synthesis, and Self‐Assembly of Janus Bottlebrush Polymers

From Molecules to Polymers—Harnessing Inter‐ and Intramolecular Interactions to Create Mechanochromic Materials

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