Clearing the way for reducing emissions from tropical deforestation

Skutsch, Margaret; Bird, Neil; Trines, Eveline; Dutschke, Michael; Frumhoff, Peter C.; Jong, Bernardus Hendricus jozeph De; Laake, P.E. van; Masera, Omar; Murdiyarso, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2006.08.009

Cited by 64 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This is one of South Africa's main advantages in creating CDM partnerships. Although forestry might have been an option for many countries with a more rural economy, the fact is that afforestation and reforestation projects have essentially had no role in CDM anywhere in the world, while policy on reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) (Skutsch et al, 2006), which could be of value in countries such as Uganda and Rwanda, has not yet been agreed upon. The fact that other CDM opportunities, such as landfill projects, have not materialized even when proposed (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CDM in sub-Saharan Africa and the prospects of the Nairobi Framework Initiative

Byigero¹,

Clancy²,

Skutsch³

2010

Climate Policy

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To what extent can capacity-building activities under the Nairobi Framework (NF) Initiative overcome barriers to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in sub-Saharan Africa and, in particular, the East African region? The level of CDM penetration into sub-Saharan Africa is compared with CDM market trends globally. The relatively low CDM penetration in sub-Saharan Africa and the East African Community (SSA/EAC) countries is a result of endogenous barriers, particularly the inadequate general investment climate, the low level of industrialization of many countries, and the lack of CDM capacity, particularly with regard to institutional infrastructure. To assess these barriers, case studies were conducted in Rwanda and Uganda, while South Africa was taken as a reference case since it has -in the context of sub-Saharan Africa -a relatively well-developed CDM business. The NF Initiative, which was developed to deal with the lack of CDM capacity in Africa, cannot address the general investment climate of host countries or their economic structure as these are beyond its scope. Nor does the NF address investors' perceptions of the investment climate, but instead focuses its capacity-building efforts on HRD (human resource development; i.e. training courses) rather than on institutional questions, thereby failing to address some of the real issues at stake.Keywords: capacity-building; CDM; climate change; East African community; foreign direct investment; Nairobi Framework; sub-Saharan Africa Dans quelle mesure les activités de renforcement des capacités incitées sous le Cadre de Nairobi « le Nairobi Framework, (NF) » peuvent-elles relever les obstacles au MDP en Afrique subsaharienne et notamment en Afrique de l'Est ? Le degré de pénétration du MDP en Afrique subsaharienne est comparé aux tendances du marché mondial pour le MDP. La pénétration relativement lente du MDP en Afrique subsaharienne et dans les pays de la Communauté d'Afrique de l'Est « Sub-Saharan Africa and the East African Community (SSA/EAC) » est la conséquence de barrières endogènes, en particulier du climat général d'investissement inadéquat

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CDM in sub-Saharan Africa and the prospects of the Nairobi Framework Initiative

Byigero¹,

Clancy²,

Skutsch³

2010

Climate Policy

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“…Although the size of reduction commitments in the second phase of the Protocol is still unknown, it is recognised that achieving reduction objectives in the range of 25-40% below 1990 levels by 2020 by developed countries would make an important contribution to overall global efforts required to meet the ultimate objective of the Convention (UNFCCC 2007). This would imply the continuation of the CDM as it currently stands or in a reformed version, which may include other mitigation options and technologies like traditional biomass energy use (Schlamadinger et al 2007), avoided deforestation activities (Skutsch et al 2007), and carbon capture and storage (de Coninck 2008). As discussed further below, these changes may also be accompanied by a reform of the mechanism's procedures so as to improving the performance of some technologies, scaling-up the impact of the mechanism and promoting a more even distribution of projects worldwide (Olsen and Fennhan 2008a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do regulated and voluntary carbon-offset schemes compare?

Corbera

Estrada

Brown

2009

Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences

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The Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has become a key instrument for climate change mitigation. Parties with emission targets are using it to buy greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions for compliance against the Protocol's emission reduction targets. In parallel, the purchase of emission reductions through a voluntary carbon market has become a mainstream practice across business and individuals who, although not having any regulatory mandate, aim to offset their emissions. This voluntary market relies on mitigation projects which may or may not follow the standards of the CDM. This review compares these two instruments and traces similarities and differences in terms of project types, offset quality and contribution to sustainable development. It is shown that both mechanisms support a wide range of mitigation options and technologies, and differ considerably in the contribution of forestry and industrial gas offsets to their markets. There is not enough empirical data to assess the actual additionality and quality of produced offsets and their contribution to national and local sustainable development also requires further empirical assessment. Large scale mitigation options provide a substantial percentage of GHG reductions in both markets, with methane-based mitigation and fuel switching dominating over renewable investments such as solar and tidal. Africa remains the least benefited continent in both schemes. The review supports proposals towards reforming the CDM so that the least developed countries can also participate in a transition towards a decarbonised global society. Voluntary markets, in turn, are likely to remain driven by investors' willingness to support projects which are in line with poor countries' demands and priorities.

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“…But such an approach brings with it massive requirements for data; border to border, continuously monitored forest inventory information would be needed so that the country could weigh forest gains in some areas against losses in others, since only the absolute gains in forest would be rewarded. Skutsch et al (2006) point to the heavy reliance on remote sensing data for implementing Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) in this regard. This would include serial remote sensing images from a given base period/year, land use, land cover, forest area and texture changes and ground truth data for all these categories.…”

Section: As Regards Cdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A data support infrastructure for Clean Development Mechanism forestry implementation: an inventory perspective from Cameroon

Minang¹,

McCall²,

Skutsch

et al. 2007

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) forestry project development requires highly multi-disciplinary and multiple-source information that can be complex, cumbersome and costly to acquire. Yet developing countries in which CDM projects are created and implemented are often data poor environments and unable to meet such complex information requirements. Using Cameroon as an example, the present paper explores the structure of an enabling host country data support infrastructure for CDM forestry implementation, and also assesses the supply potential of current forestry information. Results include a conceptual data model of CDM project data needs; the list of meso-and macro-level data and information requirements (Demand analysis); and an inventory of relevant data available in Cameroon (Supply analysis). From a comparison of demand and supply, we confirm that data availability and the relevant infrastructure for data or information generation is inadequate for supporting carbon forestry at the micro, meso and macro-levels in Cameroon. The results suggest that current CDM afforestation and reforestation information demands are almost impenetrable for local communities in host countries and pose a number of cross-scale barriers to project adoption. More importantly, we identify proactive regulatory, institutional and capacity building policy strategies for forest data management improvements that could enhance biosphere carbon management uptake in poor countries. CDM forestry information research needs are also highlighted.

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Clearing the way for reducing emissions from tropical deforestation

Cited by 64 publications

References 13 publications

CDM in sub-Saharan Africa and the prospects of the Nairobi Framework Initiative

CDM in sub-Saharan Africa and the prospects of the Nairobi Framework Initiative

How do regulated and voluntary carbon-offset schemes compare?

A data support infrastructure for Clean Development Mechanism forestry implementation: an inventory perspective from Cameroon

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