Clearance rates of food suspension and food passage rates as a function of temperature in two north-sea bryozoans

Menon, N. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00402848

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A Q 10 of 1.8 for clearance rate is in agreement with other bryozoans, which range from 1.4 to 1.7 (Menon 1974, Riisgård & Manríquez 1997, Lisbjerg & Petersen 2000. Clearance rates in bivalves and ascidians (Petersen et al 1999) also have a Q 10 of around 2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Petersen & Riisgård 1992, Clausen & Riisgård 1996, Petersen et al 1999. Effects of temperature on bryozoan clearance rate have been studied by Menon (1974), Riisgård & Manríquez (1997), Lisbjerg & Petersen (2000) and particle concentration by Bullivant (1968), Best & Thorpe (1983, 1986, and Riisgård & Goldson (1997) ABSTRACT: Various factors influencing clearance rate were elucidated on the bryozoan Electra crustulenta (Pallas). Measurements of clearance rates were performed using the algae Rhodomonas sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shutting down events where the polypides retract into the zooecium have been reported (e.g. Menon 1974, Hunter & Hughes 1993, Riisgård & Goldson 1997. Hunter & Hughes (1993) noted a decrease in the time spent feeding at increasing algae concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feeding activity, retention efficiency, and effects of temperature and particle concentration on clearance rate in the marine bryozoan Electra crustulenta

Lisbjerg¹,

Petersen²

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feeding activity, retention efficiency, and effects of temperature and particle concentration on clearance rate in the marine bryozoan Electra crustulenta

Lisbjerg¹,

Petersen²

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The maximum individual zooidal clearance rate (F = volume of water cleared for particles >6 pm per unit of time by the laterofrontal filter) of Electra pilosa was found to be 0.28 m1 h-' This is in good agreement with clearance rates reported by Menon (1974). Recently, Riisgard & Manriquez (1997) measured the pumping rate (Q = total volume of water pumped through the lophophore entrance) of E. pilosa to be 1.09 m1 h-' zooid-' The ratio F/Q = 0.28/1.09 = 0.26 shows that only about 25% of the total volume of water pumped by the lophophore is passing through the laterofrontal filter on the tentacles while the remaining water may bypass the tentacles in the outer part of the lophophore.…”

Section: -Bsupporting

confidence: 84%

Minimal scaling of the lophophore filter-pump in ectoprocts (Bryozoa) excludes physiological regulation of filtration rate to nutritional needs. Test of hypothesis

Riisgård¹,

Goldson²

1997

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Feeding activity and growth in different ectoprocts (Elertra pilosa, E. crustulenta, Celleporella hyahna) were related to naturally occurring algal concentrations in order to reveal i f physiological regulation of the lophophore filter-pump to nutritional needs takes place. It was found that filter-feeding activity in E. pjlosa and E. crustulenta is influenced by the concentration of algal cells in the surrounding water When the algal concentration becomes very low (corresponding to a few hundred Rhinonlonas algal cells ml-l) the clearance rate of the ectoprocts is reduced due to a gradual shutting down of the number of actively feeding zooids. The zooids are inactive dunng starvation periods, but feeding is quickly resumed after a new addition of algal cells Nearly 100% of the zooids are filter-feeding within a certain range of algal concentrations, corresponding to roughly 400 to 4000 Rhinomonas reticulata cells ml-l. The maximum individual zoo~dal clearance rate in E. pilosa was measured to be 0.28 m1 h -' zooid-' (18°C). Simultaneous clearance of 2 different sized algal cells in E. crustulenta showed that R. reticulata (6 pm) and Tetraselmis sp. (14 pm) are cleared from the water at approximately the same rate, whereas the removal of 4 pm diameter Isochrysis galbana cells is approximately half this rate. The growth in colony size of C. hyalina and E. pilosa was exponential. The specific growth rate plotted as a function of algal concentration showed that the growth potential (about 10 to 12% d-l) may be fully utilized at about 4000 Rhinomonas cells ml-', corresponding to 5 pg chlorophyll a 1-' This implies that ectoprocts in nature, as a rule, always utilize their clearance capacity and hence have no requirement for physiological regulation of the filter-pump.

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“…This statement is supported by a number of studies showing that the relationship between filtration rate and temperature is linear (not exponential) in ciliary suspension-feeding invertebrates, e.g. in the sponge Halichondria panicea , the polychaete Sabella penicillus (Riisgård & Ivarsson 1990), the bryozoans Electra pilosa, Conopeum reticulatum (Menon 1974), Celleporella hyalina (Riisgård & Manríques 1997), the mussel Mytilus edulis , Kittner & Riisgård 2005, the soft clam Mya arenaria (Riisgård & Seerup 2003), and the ascidian Ciona intestinalis (Petersen & Riisgård 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Viscosity of seawater controls beat frequency of water-pumping cilia and filtration rate of mussels Mytilus edulis

Riisgård¹,

Larsen²

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The small-scale movements of cilia make the temperature-dependent viscosity of water a key physical/mechanical factor. In mussels and other suspension-feeding bivalves, bands of waterpumping lateral cilia produce the feeding current through the interfilamentary canals of the enlarged gill (which mainly serves as a water-pumping and food-particle collecting organ). Because the viscosity of seawater is inversely related to temperature, the linear increase of filtration rate with temperature in mussels cannot be explained solely by increased biological activity. To resolve the question of whether change in filtration rate with temperature in mussels Mytilus edulis is under mainly biological/physiological or physical/mechanical control, we conducted laboratory experiments on mussel-gill preparations stimulated with serotonin, and on intact mussels. In gill-preparations, the beat frequency of the water-pumping lateral cilia was measured both as a function of temperature and as a function of kinematic viscosity in dextran-and PVP-manipulated seawater at constant temperature. Data on kinematic viscosity of seawater and viscosity-manipulated seawater were converted to 'temperature equivalents' of seawater by measurement of the viscosities, and this showed that the effect of temperature on lateral cilia activity in gill-preparations is purely mechanical, controlled by the viscosity of the ambient seawater. Further, the ciliary beat frequency was found to depend on kinematic viscosity to the power -3/2 (f ≈ ν -3/2 ), a relation we used to develop a musselpump model for the filtration rate of intact mussels vs. viscosity. The model is in agreement with filtration rates measured in intact mussels, suggesting that viscosity of seawater is the controlling factor for the beat frequency of lateral pump-cilia and filtration rate in mussels. According to the model, the mussel pump yields a constant power within the temperature-tolerance interval.

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Clearance rates of food suspension and food passage rates as a function of temperature in two north-sea bryozoans

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Feeding activity, retention efficiency, and effects of temperature and particle concentration on clearance rate in the marine bryozoan Electra crustulenta

Feeding activity, retention efficiency, and effects of temperature and particle concentration on clearance rate in the marine bryozoan Electra crustulenta

Minimal scaling of the lophophore filter-pump in ectoprocts (Bryozoa) excludes physiological regulation of filtration rate to nutritional needs. Test of hypothesis

Viscosity of seawater controls beat frequency of water-pumping cilia and filtration rate of mussels Mytilus edulis

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