Clearance of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and immunological changes in experimentally WSSV-injected Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Susceptibility of juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii to different doses of high and low virulence strains of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

“…However, fewer infected gill cells were apparent with WSSV-Viet than with WSSV-Thai-1, which supports the hypothesis that gill infection levels provide a good barometer of clinical outcomes in shrimp (Rahman et al 2008). Consistent with previous observations of a transitory viremic period in which disease signs and WSSV are readily detectable (Sahul Hameed et al 2000, Waikhom et al 2006, Yoganandhan et al 2006, Sarathi et al 2008, there was a general trend of falling numbers of infected cells in M. rosenbergii between 3 and 5 d post-challenge. More pronounced clearance effects appear to occur in challenged adult prawns (Sahul Hameed et al 2000, Sarathi et al 2008, and infection during the first couple of days following challenge has been tracked by immunedetection of the WSSV VP28 protein (Yoganandhan et al 2006).…”

“…WSSV challenge affects levels of prophenoloxidase (proPO), superoxide anion, superoxide dismutase, total hemocyte count and clotting time, factors generally involved in antibacterial defense responses (Sarathi et al 2008). There is evidence to suggest some role for proPO in defending non-crustacean invertebrates against viruses (Shelby & Popham 2006).…”

“…Follow-up studies showed WSSV infection to be transient, diminishing within a few days post-challenge (Waikhom et al 2006, Yoganandhan et al 2006. PCR tracking of WSSV loads in M. rosenbergii adults challenged by injection has also shown that the majority of WSSV is cleared within 5 d post-challenge, after which time low levels of virus remained detectable in some organs for 25 to 50 d (Sarathi et al 2008). Although not investigated in detail, there is some evidence to suggest hemagglutinins or lectins are involved in the process that protects M. rosenbergii against WSSV (Pais et al 2007).…”

Physiological and immunological characterization of Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus naturally infected with Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1)

“…This mechanism may represent an immunological compensation, potentially explaining the long period of the PaV1 infectious process (> 80 d, Li et al 2008) and suggesting that the survival of some lobsters to this process may be due to an adaptive response. This sort of immunology response to overcome viral infection has already been observed in Macrobrachium rosenbergii infected with white spot syndrome virus (Sarathi et al 2008).…”

Immunomodulatory effect of Withania somnifera supplementation diet in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) against Aeromonas hydrophila

“…In P. monodon fed with b-glucan (BG) diets [60] showed significantly higher levels of O 2 À concentration than the BG free group as observed in this study. Fenneropenaeus indicus injected with Vibrio alginolyticus or WSSV [61,62] also showed increased levels of superoxide anion and decreased levels SOD when compared to the healthy shrimp. SOD is one of the main anti-oxidant defense enzymes generated in response to oxidative stress that converts the highly toxic superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide [63].…”