Clearance of low molecular-weight uremic toxins p-cresol, creatinine, and urea from simulated serum by adsorption

Cheng, Yu-Chin; Fu, Chun‐Chieh; Hsiao, Yu-Sheng; Chien, Chu‐Chun; Juang, Ruey‐Shin

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2017.12.084

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The Langmuir isotherm is adjusted for the unmodified graphene; therefore, there is monolayer adsorption. Similar results for the adsorption of creatinine and urea have been reported for graphene oxide [45]. The samples of amine-modified graphene fit the Freundlich model; the adsorption process is assumed to be heterogeneous (Table 6).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins

Cabello-Alvarado

Andrade-Guel²,

Pérez-Álvarez

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. In stages III and IV of CKD, uremic toxins must be removed from the patient by absorption, through a treatment commonly called hemodialysis. Aiming to improve the absorption of uremic toxins, we have studied its absorption in chemically modified graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). This study involved the reaction between GNPs and diamines with reaction times of 30, 45 and 60 min using ultrasound waves of different amplitudes and frequencies. Functionalized GNPs were analyzed by Fourier Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersitive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The analysis of the functional groups confirmed the presence of amide and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the GNPs by reactions of diamines with carboxylic acids and epoxides. Adsorption of uremic toxins was determined using equilibrium isotherms, where the maximum percentage of removal of uremic toxins was 97%. Dispersion of modified graphene nanoplatelets was evaluated in water, ethanol and hexane, as a result of this treatment was achieved a good and effective dispersion of diamines-modified graphene nanoplatelets in ethanol and hexane. Finally, the results of hemolysis assays of the modified graphene with amine demonstrated that it was not cytotoxic when using 500 mg/mL. The samples of modified graphene demonstrated low degree of hemolysis (<2%), so this material can be used for in vivo applications such as hemodialysis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins

Cabello-Alvarado

Andrade-Guel²,

Pérez-Álvarez

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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“…However, all urea sorbents based on physisorption known so far, such as activated carbon and zeolites, have relatively low affinity for urea, and desorption will occur as the urea concentration in the dialysate decreases in time. 11,12 On the other hand, several polymeric chemisorbents that can bind urea covalently through carbonyl groups have been reported. 13−18 Despite the weak nucleophilicity of urea nitrogen, it still can react with electrophilic carbonyl groups present in these sorbents such as glyoxaldehydes, 13,15 ninhydrin groups, 14 α-keto-esters, 16 and oxidized alcohols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of (Vicinal) Carbonyl Compounds with Urea

Jong

Smakman²,

Moret

et al. 2019

ACS Omega

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Urea removal from dialysate is the major obstacle in realization of a miniature dialysis device, based on continuous dialysate regeneration in a closed loop, used for the treatment of patients suffering from end-stage kidney disease. For the development of a polymeric urea sorbent, capable of removing urea from dialysate with high binding capacities and fast reaction kinetics, a systematic kinetic study was performed on the reactivity of urea with a library of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) at 323 K. It was found that dialdehydes do not react with urea under these conditions but need to be activated under acidic conditions and require aldehyde groups in close proximity to each other to allow a reaction with urea. Among the 31 (hydrated) carbonyl compounds tested, triformylmethane, ninhydrin, and phenylglyoxaldehyde were the most reactive ones with urea. This is attributed to the low dehydration energies of these compounds, as calculated by Gibbs free energy differences between the hydrated and dehydrated carbonyl compounds, which are favorable for the reaction with urea. Therefore, future urea sorbents should contain such functional groups at the highest possible density.

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“…One of the problems is the similarity between water and urea that makes them compete for sorbents' adsorption sites. There have been some experimental measurements to characterize different sorbents' properties 22 , 23 . The fact is that, none of the currently available urea removal sorbents make a truly wearable dialysis devices efficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding these properties, COFs have practical uses in gas storage, energy storage, catalysis, drug delivery, gas adsorption, etc. 22 , 29 – 31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular insight into COF monolayers for urea sorption in artificial kidneys

Jahromi

Khedri

Ghasemi

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Urea removal from an aqueous solution is considered a challenge in the biological process. The state of complete kidney destruction is known as an end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Kidney transplant and hemodialysis are the most common methods for confronting ESRD. More recently, wearable artificial kidney (WAK) devices have shown a significant improvement in urea removal performance. However, low efficiency in physical adsorbents is a barrier in developing them. For the first time, the urea adsorption capacity of five types of last-generation covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets (NSs) was investigated in this study by applying molecular dynamics (MD) simulation tools. To this end, different analyses have been performed to evaluate the performance of each nanoparticle. The MD all-atom (AA) results demonstrated that all introduced COF NSs had urea removal capacity. Among the five NSs, TPA-COF was shown to have the best outcomes. Moreover, coarse-grained (CG) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations were conducted, and the results show that the TPA-COF nanoparticle modified with –OH functional group has even better properties for urea adsorption. The present molecular study sheds new light on COF NSs as an adsorbent for urea removal.

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Clearance of low molecular-weight uremic toxins p-cresol, creatinine, and urea from simulated serum by adsorption

Cited by 52 publications

References 44 publications

Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins

Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Amino-Groups by Ultrasonic Radiation of Variable Frequency for Potential Adsorption of Uremic Toxins

Reactivity of (Vicinal) Carbonyl Compounds with Urea

Molecular insight into COF monolayers for urea sorption in artificial kidneys

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