Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Liver: A Comparative Immunohistochemical Study with Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

MATERIALS AND METHODSThe files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC, were searched for clear cell tumors of liver and kidney. Ten examples of each tumor were selected if the tumor was unequivocally primary in that organ, and if the paraffin block was available with sufficient tissue for recuts. Also, 11 clear cell tumors from other organs, three salivary gland (one mucoepidermal carcinoma, clear cell type; two clear cell adenocarcinomas), three lung (three poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas with clear cell features), two thyroid gland (two follicular carcinomas with clear cells), two ovary (two clear cell carcinomas), and one urinary bladder (one transitional cell carcinoma with clear cell features) were retrieved using the same criteria.

Hep Par 1 Antibody Stain for the Differential Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 676 Tumors Tested Using Tissue Microarrays and Conventional Tissue Sections

“…The 5 positive cases reported in the literature were all of gastrointestinal or liver sites and comprised four neuroendocrine carcinomas and 1 carcinoid (4). versus 3/3 gr1 stained), whereas other studies (9,10) did not observe such a correlation. In this study, the only completely negative case was a poorly differentiated HCC.…”

Surveillance and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis

“…The immunohistochemical use of AFP staining has very low sensitivity as it detects just 17%-68% of malignant hepatocellular lesions when used alone [89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103] . In a study by Murakata et al [104] there was no staining of clear-cell HCC. However, the specificity of AFP is high with an average value of 97% [89,92,93,95,96,99,101,104] .…”

“…In a study by Murakata et al [104] there was no staining of clear-cell HCC. However, the specificity of AFP is high with an average value of 97% [89,92,93,95,96,99,101,104] .…”

“…CK8 and CK18 stain hepatocytes, CK8, CK7, CK18, and CK19 are present in bile duct cells. CK7 and CK19 are not usually present in HCC (76%-96% immunonegative) [97,101,104,[137][138][139][140] , but they exist in many adenocarcinomas, including, cholangiocarcinoma.…”

“…useful for differential diagnosis vs cholangiocarcinoma and metastases HCC positivity 66%-100% [130][131][132][133][134][135][136] Cytokeratins Epithelial cells Useful for differential diagnosis vs cholangiocarcinoma. HCC profile: CK7/CK19/CK8/CK18 = -/ -/ + / + HCC positivity 76%-96% [97,101,104,[137][138][139][140] nodular hyperplasia, regenerative and dysplastic cirrhotic nodules, among liver benign and pre-malignant lesions, may be positive for GPC-3 [108][109][110] . Immunostaining for GP-3 can be focal and so it not surprising that there is a lower sensitivity in studies using needle core biopsy [111,112] and FNA [113] .…”