Clear Cell and Non‐Clear Cell Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Liu, Jenn-Hwa; Tsai, Huey-Ling; Hsu, Soa-Ming; Hu, Dong-Her; Chen, Shy-Shen

doi:10.1016/s1607-551x(09)70088-9

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our study revealed that the age of patients diagnosed with PCCCL ranged from 52 to 76 years old and a large proportion of patients included in the overall cohort were white (65.6%, 275 of 419), which was roughly consistent to the results of the Jernigan et al study [20]. There was a male preponderance collectively, accounting for 64.0% of total patients, which was a little lower than 69.6% reported in a literature review [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Development and Identification of a Nomogram Prognostic Model for Patients with Primary Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Liver

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL) is an infrequent variant of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we retrospectively performed a large population-based cohort study to elucidate the relationships between demographic, carcinoma-and therapy-specific variables and overall survival (OS). Material/Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was queried to extract data on 419 patients with pathologically confirmed PCCCL from 1988 to 2015. A nomogram with good accuracy was formulated to predict long-term survival of PCCCL patients. Results: The OS for PCCCL patients was 25.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.2-29 months), the overall 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 59.5%, 39.3%, and 29.9%, respectively. Log-rank analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant discrepancy in clinical outcome between PCCCL and common-type HCC after propensity-matched analysis. Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed that larger lesions (>96 mm), distant metastases and elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were independent prognostic factors for undesirable outcome. Conversely, surgery was an independent protective factor (hazard ratio [HR]=0.23, 95% CI 0.17-0.31), which significantly boosted OS by virtually 35 months (47.3 months versus 12.7 months, P<0.001). Radiotherapy or chemotherapy was not associated with OS for PCCCL patients (both P>0.05). The nomogram incorporated 4 independent prognostic factors and its concordance index for predicting survival was 0.761. Conclusions: The prognosis of PCCCL resembled that of common-type HCC. Larger lesions, distant metastases, and enhanced AFP levels were associated with unsatisfactory prognosis. Surgery fulfill favorable prognosis while radiotherapy or chemotherapy exerted no significant effects on survival.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Development and Identification of a Nomogram Prognostic Model for Patients with Primary Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Liver

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 12 , 14 However, some other studies diagnosed PCCCL when the tumor contained >50% clear cells. 10 , 15 , 16 A recent study by Ji et al 16 suggested that cases with clear cells ≥70% had significantly longer survival than those with clear cells <70% in their research and another study of their own 10 stressed that the criteria for the diagnosis of PCCCL should be revised to the proportion of clear cells ≥75% and more studies should be designed to confirm the results of their research. Studies of this kind are quite limited and clinical prognostic features of PCCCL are not fully clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term survival and prognosis for primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver after hepatectomy

Chen¹,

Zhu²,

Qi³

et al. 2016

OTT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the long-term survival and prognosis for primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL) of the liver after hepatectomy.MethodsOur study retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 64 patients with PCCCL (PCCCL group) and 247 with nonclear cell hepatocellular carcinoma (NHCC group) after hepatectomy between January 1996 and December 2006. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival of the two groups was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors of survival were identified by multivariate analysis.ResultsThe 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS (P=0.016) and disease-free survival (P<0.001) of the PCCCL group were significantly higher than that of the NHCC group. In mutivariate analysis, tumor size >5 cm, presence of portal vein tumor thrombosis and proportion of clear cells ≤70% were risk factors for OS of the PCCCL group. The prognosis of a subgroup with higher proportion of clear cells was markedly better than that of the subgroup with a lower proportion of clear cells.ConclusionOur results suggested that the prognosis of patients with PCCCL was better than that of the patients with NHCC. The higher the proportion of clear cells, the better the prognosis.

show abstract

“…The cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen or lipid is related to the changes in metabolic pathways or metabolic defects within the cells [15]. Although the tumor cells of CCHCC are generally moderate or well differentiation, the incidence of tumor metastasis and recurrence after resection is similar to that of non-clear cell HCC (NCCHCC) [16, 17]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoter mutations and cellular distribution of telomerase in non-clear cell and clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma

Huang

Zhou

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reactivation of telomerase is a critical step in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we identified the frequency of mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter was 34% in non-clear cell HCC (NCCHCC, n = 259) and 26.3% in clear cell HCC (CCHCC, n = 57). The mutations were independently associated with poor recurrence-free survival of HCCs. Interestingly immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a higher positive rate of TERT cytoplasmic localization (95%) than nuclear localization (64%) in HCCs. In NCCHCCs, the mutations correlated with higher TERT nuclear expression and increased telomere-dependent telomerase activity. Higher cytoplasmic expression was found in adjacent tissues compared to tumor tissues, and was associated with tumor well-differentiation and lower level of α-fetoprotein. NCCHCCs with low nuclear as well as high cytoplasmic expression correlated with better prognosis. In CCHCCs, elevated TERT cytoplasmic expression was observed in CCHCCs harboring mutations. Higher TERT cytoplasmic expression was found in tumor tissues compared to adjacent tissues, and was associated with multiple numbers of tumors and poor prognosis of CCHCCs. In conclusion, mutations in TERT promoter disclose the significance of both nuclear and cytoplasmic TERT in HCC. Cytoplasmic TERT should also be considered when determining prognosis and treatment of HCCs.

show abstract

Clear Cell and Non‐Clear Cell Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Development and Identification of a Nomogram Prognostic Model for Patients with Primary Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Liver

Development and Identification of a Nomogram Prognostic Model for Patients with Primary Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Liver

Long-term survival and prognosis for primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver after hepatectomy

Promoter mutations and cellular distribution of telomerase in non-clear cell and clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About