Cleaning Zirconia Surface Prior To Bonding: A Comparative Study of Different Methods and Solutions

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate resin cement bond strength after removal of salivary contamination from a zirconia surface using different cleaning solutions and air‐borne particle abrasion. Materials and methods One‐hundred and twenty zirconia specimens (KATANA STML, Noritake) were prepared and divided into 12 groups (n = 10). Groups were subjected to a notched‐edge shear bond strength test (ISO 29022) to analyze the bonding efficiency of a resin cement (Panavia V5, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc.) before and after contamination with saliva. Group 1 (control) was prepared and cemented without salivary contamination. Group 2 was coated with ceramic primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc.) then subjected to salivary contamination then tested. Group 3 was contaminated, cleaned by air‐borne particle abrasion, ceramic primer and resin cement applied, and tested. Groups 4 to 12 were contaminated, and then different cleaning solutions (water, 4.5% hydrofluoric acid, 35% phosphoric acid, Ivoclean, KATANA cleaner, Zirclean, sodium hypochlorite 4%, and 7.5%) were used to decontaminate the zirconia surface, followed by ceramic primer, resin cement application, and tested. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey post‐hoc analysis was used to analyze the data. Results One‐way ANOVA showed statistical differences among cleaning procedures (p < 0.001, F = 13.48). Air‐borne particle abrasion was the only group which provided a bond strength (21 ± 2.8 MPa) that was not statistically different than the control group in which no contamination occurred (25.3 ± 3.3 MPa) (p = 0.247). The use of hydrofluoric acid and zirconia cleaning solutions resulted in bond strengths values which were not statistically different from each other (17.5‐19.1 MPa). Conclusion Air‐borne particle, zirconia cleaning solutions and hydrofluoric acid are feasible to decontaminate the zirconia surface from saliva prior to bonding the restoration.

10-Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate (10-MDP)-Containing Cleaner Improves Bond Strength to Contaminated Monolithic Zirconia: An In-Vitro Study

“…In addition, it is reported that phosphoric acid can react with zirconia, resulting in leaving a phosphorous residue on the zirconia surface, which would negatively affect the chemical reaction between 10-MDP molecules and zirconia and thus reduce the resin-zirconia bond strength [16,29]. It is reported that the use of phosphoric acid for cleaning of contaminated zirconia impairs resin-zirconia bonding [22].…”

“…Pre-sintered zirconia blocks (inCoris TZI C, Sirona Dental Systems GmbH, Bensheim, Germany) were milled into a total of 220 smaller blocks with the dimensions of 8 mm length, 8 mm width and 3 mm height using a dental milling machine (CAM 5-S1, vhf camfacture AG, Ammerbuch, Germany). The prepared zirconia blocks were sintered according to the manufacturer's instructions [22] and embedded in a self-curing acrylic resin. The top surface of zirconia specimens was polished for 2 min with 600-grit silicon carbide paper mounted on a polishing machine at a speed of 300 rpm under a water coolant and subjected to air-abrasion using 50 µm Al 2 O 3 with 2 bar air pressure for 20 s according to the manufacturer instructions [22], followed by ultrasonic cleaning in distilled water for 5 min, and subsequently air-dried.…”

“…The prepared zirconia blocks were sintered according to the manufacturer's instructions [22] and embedded in a self-curing acrylic resin. The top surface of zirconia specimens was polished for 2 min with 600-grit silicon carbide paper mounted on a polishing machine at a speed of 300 rpm under a water coolant and subjected to air-abrasion using 50 µm Al 2 O 3 with 2 bar air pressure for 20 s according to the manufacturer instructions [22], followed by ultrasonic cleaning in distilled water for 5 min, and subsequently air-dried.…”

“…A recent study investigated the effect of a 10-MDP-containing cleaner on the bond strength saliva-contaminated zirconia [22], and although promising results were obtained, artificial aging or thermocycling were not included in evaluating the bonding durability. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of saliva and blood decontamination on resin-zirconia bonding.…”

Recent Advancements in CAD/CAM Same-Day Dentistry in Practice and Education

“…Saliva contamination is therefore a significant issue in zirconia bonding. A recent study by Sulaiman et al 41 compared non-contaminated zirconia samples with various methods of saliva decontaminations. They found that air-borne particle abrasion after saliva contamination is perhaps the most effective method to decontaminate saliva from the zirconia surface providing the highest bond strength.…”