Cleaning House: Selective Autophagy of Organelles

Anding, Allyson L.; Baehrecke, Eric H.

doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.016

Cited by 498 publications

(455 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Once recognized as “non self,” PVs are marked for autophagic removal by molecular tags (e.g. Ub, p62 & galectin-3) that remarkably overlap with those that mark “aberrant-self” compartments, such as damaged organelles (Anding and Baehrecke, 2017). These tags also recruit IFN-regulated GTPases that coordinate attack of PVs, potentially inducing the inflammasome via GBP intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immunity to Intracellular Pathogens: Balancing Microbial Elimination and Inflammation

Mitchell

Isberg

2017

Cell Host & Microbe

101

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Summary Recent excitement regarding immune clearance of intracellular microorganisms has focused on two systems that maintain cellular homeostasis. One system includes cellular autophagy components that mediate degradation of pathogens in membrane-bound compartments, in a process termed xenophagy. The second system is driven by interferon– regulated GTPases that promote rupture of pathogen-containing vacuoles and microbial degradation. In the case of xenophagy, pathogen sequestration and compartmentalization suppress inflammation. In contrast, interferon-driven events can lead to exposure of pathogen-associated molecular patterns to the host cytosol with consequent inflammasome activation. Paradoxically, signals and factors involved in xenophagy also mobilize interferon-regulated GTPases, which drive the inflammatory response, indicating considerable crosstalk between these pathways. How these responses are prioritized remains to be understood. In this review, we describe mechanisms of intracellular pathogen clearance that rely on the autophagy machinery and interferon-regulated GTPases, and speculate how these pathways engage each other to balance pathogen elimination with inflammation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immunity to Intracellular Pathogens: Balancing Microbial Elimination and Inflammation

Mitchell

Isberg

2017

Cell Host & Microbe

101

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“…On the contrary, the engulfment and disposal utilizes a general machinery, recruiting a double-membrane, the autophagosome, around the cargo. The last step of autophagy is the fusion of the autophagosome with the lysosome, creating an autolysosome, where lysosomal enzymes degrade the entire autophagosomal content to small reusable units (reviewed in Lamb et al, 2013;Anding and Baehrecke, 2017). To distinguish these cargo-specific forms of selective autophagy the following terms have been coined: ER -ER-phagy or reticulophagy, ribosome -ribophagy, peroxisome -pexophagy, pathogens -xenophagy, and mitochondria -mitophagy.…”

Section: Introduction: Autophagy -Insights Into An Important and Highmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to get rid of mitochondria: crosstalk and regulation of multiple mitophagy pathways

Zimmermann

Reichert

2017

Biological Chemistry

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Mitochondria are indispensable cellular organelles providing ATP and numerous other essential metabolites to ensure cell survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are formed as side reactions during oxidative phosphorylation or by external agents, induce molecular damage in mitochondrial proteins, lipids/ membranes and DNA. To cope with this and other sorts of organellar stress, a multi-level quality control system exists to maintain cellular homeostasis. One critical level of mitochondrial quality control is the removal of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. This process utilizes parts of the general autophagy machinery, e.g. for the formation of autophagosomes but also employs mitophagy-specific factors. Depending on the proteins utilized mitophagy is divided into receptor-mediated and ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy. So far, at least seven receptor proteins are known to be required for mitophagy under different experimental conditions. In contrast to receptor-mediated pathways, the Pink-Parkin-dependent pathway is currently the best characterized ubiquitin-mediated pathway. Recently two additional ubiquitin-mediated pathways with distinctive similarities and differences were unraveled. We will summarize the current state of knowledge about these multiple pathways, explain their mechanism, and describe the regulation and crosstalk between these pathways. Finally, we will review recent evidence for the evolutionary conservation of ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy pathways.

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“…At least in yeast, the receptors utilized to target cargos are unique to the form of selective autophagy that the cell is undergoing (5,7,8,21). For further discussion on the topic of selective autophagy, see refs, (22,23).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ATG3, 7,8,19,20,22,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]29,31,32,34 TORC1 ATG1, 4,5,7,8,12,14,16,29,31 X r n 1 …”

Section: Pho23mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of autophagy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Delorme-Axford

Klionsky

2018

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic pathway that is vital for development, cell survival and the degradation of dysfunctional organelles and potentially toxic aggregates. Dysregulation of autophagy is associated with cancer, neurodegeneration and lysosomal storage diseases. Accordingly, autophagy is precisely regulated at multiple levels (transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational) to prevent aberrant activity. Various model organisms are used to study autophagy but the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae continues to be advantageous for genetic and biochemical analysis of non-selective and selective autophagy. In this review, we focus on the cellular mechanisms that regulate autophagy transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally in S. cerevisiae.

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Cleaning House: Selective Autophagy of Organelles

Cited by 498 publications

References 131 publications

Innate Immunity to Intracellular Pathogens: Balancing Microbial Elimination and Inflammation

Innate Immunity to Intracellular Pathogens: Balancing Microbial Elimination and Inflammation

How to get rid of mitochondria: crosstalk and regulation of multiple mitophagy pathways

Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of autophagy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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