Cleaning Historic Buildings: v. 1

Ashurst, Nicola

doi:10.4324/9781315793313

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It is therefore to be considered a very delicate and irreversible procedure, because under no circumstances the removed material can be retrieved and even the most respectful methodology may cause slight damage of the surface [5]. A wide range of methodologies has been developed and are currently available for stone cleaning, based on several mechanical, chemical or physical mechanisms [6][7][8]. Each one of them has specific features, advantages, and drawbacks which have been extensively reported in the literature [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setup of a sustainable indoor cleaning methodology for the sculpted stone surfaces of the Duomo of Milan

et al. 2014

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Cleaning is a fundamental phase of the conservation and maintenance activity of the cultural heritage. It is required to be highly effective in the removal of undesired deposits, controllable at every stage and gradable, selective, and completely respectful of the substrate. Moreover, cleaning procedures which can also assure to be harmless to the environment and the operators are particularly valued nowadays. According to these general guidelines, in the present work a sustainable approach for the cleaning of indoor surfaces of the cultural heritage is presented. A methodology based on agar gel was setup and preliminary tested on pilot areas. It has been then applied to the stone sculpted surfaces of the "Fuga in Egitto" high-relief of the Duomo of Milan. A multi-analytical approach was carried out during the setup phase to compare the efficacy of different cleaning conditions in terms of agar concentration, application time and presence of additives. Hence, spectrophotometric measurements, optical observations, ESEM-EDX analyses, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction were performed. Specific attention was paid to the aesthetic features of the sculpted surfaces before and after the cleaning. For this purpose, spectrophotometric data have been analysed by multivariate analysis techniques such as Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchic Cluster Analysis. The overall intervention has been monitored to evaluate the cleaning results and to confirm the absence of any damage to the stone substrate. The application of agar gel proved to be effective in removing soluble salts and soot particles, as well as very respectful of the valuable sculpted surfaces. This methodology is also totally safe for both the operators and the visitors, it is based on a natural and low-cost raw material, and it is low time-consuming. It can be therefore considered as a sustainable alternative to the traditional procedures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setup of a sustainable indoor cleaning methodology for the sculpted stone surfaces of the Duomo of Milan

et al. 2014

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“…Using a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay to measure the ability of a probe to cross an artificial membrane barrier, we showed that diethyl-α-KG has a 90-fold increase in permeability over α-KG (Figure A). Diethyl-α-KG also showed an almost 5-fold increase in permeability over dimethyl-α-KG (DM-α-KG), which is currently used as a cell-permeable derivative of α-KG. − Diethyl-α-KG also forms ethanol after ester cleavage, which is less toxic than the methanol side product formed by cleavage of DM-α-KG …”

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confidence: 99%

Simple Esterification of [1-¹³C]-Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhances Membrane Permeability and Allows for Noninvasive Tracing of Glutamate and Glutamine Production

et al. 2021

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Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) is a key metabolite and signaling molecule in cancer cells, but the low permeability of α-KG limits the study of α-KG mediated effects in vivo. Recently, cell-permeable monoester and diester α-KG derivatives have been synthesized for use in vivo, but many of these derivatives are not compatible for use in hyperpolarized carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP-13 C-MRS). HP-13 C-MRS is a powerful technique that has been used to noninvasively trace labeled metabolites in real time. Here, we show that using diethyl-[1-13 C]α-KG as a probe in HP-13 C-MRS allows for noninvasive tracing of α-KG metabolism in vivo.

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“…One problem is graffiti. Due to this popular trend, buildings, squares, street furniture and historical monuments are now more an object of vandalism than of artistic expression: writing and drawings of all kinds can be seen everywhere, leading inexorably to a visible degradation of many cities or small urban areas [6,7] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graffiti removal from granite cladding by abrasive water-jet

Careddu,

Cadeddu,

Sitzia

2023

Journal of Building Engineering

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Cleaning Historic Buildings: v. 1

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Setup of a sustainable indoor cleaning methodology for the sculpted stone surfaces of the Duomo of Milan

Setup of a sustainable indoor cleaning methodology for the sculpted stone surfaces of the Duomo of Milan

Simple Esterification of [1-¹³C]-Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhances Membrane Permeability and Allows for Noninvasive Tracing of Glutamate and Glutamine Production

Graffiti removal from granite cladding by abrasive water-jet

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Cleaning Historic Buildings: v. 1

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Setup of a sustainable indoor cleaning methodology for the sculpted stone surfaces of the Duomo of Milan

Setup of a sustainable indoor cleaning methodology for the sculpted stone surfaces of the Duomo of Milan

Simple Esterification of [1-13C]-Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhances Membrane Permeability and Allows for Noninvasive Tracing of Glutamate and Glutamine Production

Graffiti removal from granite cladding by abrasive water-jet

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Simple Esterification of [1-¹³C]-Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhances Membrane Permeability and Allows for Noninvasive Tracing of Glutamate and Glutamine Production