Cleaning and disinfection of surfaces in hospitals. Improvement in quality of structure, process and outcome in the hospitals in Frankfurt/Main, Germany, in 2016 compared to 2014

Hausemann, A; Grünewald, Miriam; Otto, U.; Heudorf, U.

doi:10.3205/dgkh000312

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The cleaning of hospital surfaces usually involves the use of several disinfectants. However, there are issues that have to do with the applicability, implementation, and efficacy of the currently available disinfectants that may render these options partially ineffective, at least for some specific pathogens [ 101 , 102 , 103 ]. Furthermore, the theoretical concern about the development of resistance to chemicals as well as to antibiotics, along with the fact that disinfectants do not eliminate only the pathogenic bacteria but also those that could be protective against colonization by resistant hospital microorganisms, strengthens the need to identify additional measures for sanitizing hospital surfaces [ 31 , 104 , 105 ].…”

Section: Non-medical Applications Of Phagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages in Infectious Diseases and Beyond—A Narrative Review

2023

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The discovery of antibiotics has revolutionized medicine and has changed medical practice, enabling successful fighting of infection. However, quickly after the start of the antibiotic era, therapeutics for infectious diseases started having limitations due to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Since the antibiotic pipeline has largely slowed down, with few new compounds being produced in the last decades and with most of them belonging to already-existing classes, the discovery of new ways to treat pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics is becoming an urgent need. To that end, bacteriophages (phages), which are already used in some countries in agriculture, aquaculture, food safety, and wastewater plant treatments, could be also used in clinical practice against bacterial pathogens. Their discovery one century ago was followed by some clinical studies that showed optimistic results that were limited, however, by some notable obstacles. However, the rise of antibiotics during the next decades left phage research in an inactive status. In the last decades, new studies on phages have shown encouraging results in animals. Hence, further studies in humans are needed to confirm their potential for effective and safe treatment in cases where there are few or no other viable therapeutic options. This study reviews the biology and applications of phages for medical and non-medical uses in a narrative manner.

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Section: Non-medical Applications Of Phagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages in Infectious Diseases and Beyond—A Narrative Review

2023

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Monitoring of surface cleaning and disinfection in a Brazilian pediatric unit

Bernardes

Santos

Angeloni

et al. 2023

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Background: Understanding the correlation between the methods of monitoring surface cleaning and disinfection (SCD) is fundamental for better infection control. Purpose: This study aims to correlate the SCD monitoring methods in a Brazilian pediatric unit. This is an exploratory, longitudinal, and correlational study. Methods: The study was conducted in a pediatric hospitalization unit of a medium-sized hospital from December 2020 to March 2021. Four high-contact surfaces were analyzed before and after the cleaning and disinfection process by means of visual inspection, quantification of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and colony-forming unit (CFU) count. The study consisted of three stages: stage I involving situational diagnosis of the SCD process; stage II referring to the implementation of the Surface Cleaning and Disinfection Standardization Program (SCDSP); and stage III involving long-term assessment after implementing the program. A total of 192 assessments were performed in each stage, totaling 576 in the three study stages. Conclusions: A significant correlation was found between the ATP quantification methods and microbial count in the bed railing ( p = 0.009) and companion’s armchair ( p = 0.018) surfaces. In both cases, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were positive, indicating a positive correlation between ATP and microbial count scores, that is, the higher the ATP values (in RLUs), the greater the microbial counts (in CFUs/cm2). The analysis of the ROC curves suggests that the surfaces presenting ATP below 108 RLUs can be considered approved. The ATP method yielded 78.6% sensitivity; in turn, microbial count presented a sensitivity of 85.7%. It is important to use different methods to monitor the cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, as each one has different sensitivity and specificity.

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Impact of Educational Intervention on Cleaning and Disinfection of an Emergency Unit

Oliveira¹,

Bernardes²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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We aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the surface cleaning and disinfection of an emergency room. This is an interventional, prospective, longitudinal, analytical and comparative study. Data collection consisted of three stages (Stage 1—baseline, Stage 2—intervention and immediate assessment, Stage 3—long term assessment). For the statistical analysis, we used a significance level of α = 0.05. The Wilcoxon and the Mann–Whitney test tests were applied. We performed 192 assessments in each stage totaling 576 evaluations. Considering the ATP method, the percentage of approval increased after the educational intervention, as the approval rate for ATP was 25% (Stage 1), immediately after the intervention it went to 100% of the approval (Stage 2), and in the long run, 75% of the areas have been fully approved. Stage 1 showed the existence of significant differences between the relative light units (RLU) scores on only two surfaces assessed: dressing cart (p = 0.021) and women’s toilet flush handle (p = 0.014); Stage 2 presented three results with significant differences for ATP: dressing cart (p = 0.014), women’s restroom door handle (p = 0.014) and women’s toilet flush handle (p = 0.014); in step III, there was no significant difference for the ATP method. Therefore, conclusively, the educational intervention had a positive result in the short term for ATP; however, the same rates are not observed with the colony-forming units (CFU), due to their high sensitivity and the visual inspection method since four surfaces had defects in their structure.

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Cleaning and disinfection of surfaces in hospitals. Improvement in quality of structure, process and outcome in the hospitals in Frankfurt/Main, Germany, in 2016 compared to 2014

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Bacteriophages in Infectious Diseases and Beyond—A Narrative Review

Bacteriophages in Infectious Diseases and Beyond—A Narrative Review

Monitoring of surface cleaning and disinfection in a Brazilian pediatric unit

Impact of Educational Intervention on Cleaning and Disinfection of an Emergency Unit

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