Cleaning and degreasing

Effects of current density, coating thickness, temperature, pH and particle concentration on internal stress during Ni–MoS2 electrocodeposition

“…3h, because the internal stress decreases with increasing temperature when plating thickness was high. The current density was selected as 4?8 A dm 22 , because internal stress decreased with increasing current density when pH was low (see Fig. 3f).…”

“…Alkaline solution containing NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 was prepared at 80uC. 22 Following the alkaline immersion treatment for 2 min, the parts were water rinsed and then AISI 304 stainless steel samples containing (by weight): 71?56%Fe, 18?21%Cr, 8?18%Ni, 1?58%Mn, 0?396%Si, 0?05%C, 0?031%P and 0?002%S were prepared for microstructural analysis. They were subjected to electrolytic acid treatment to remove oxide film and activate the surface for reception.…”

“…13,14 In most cases, raising the temperature decreased the internal stress, 8,15 but its effect was also claimed to be insignificant 3 or inconsistent depending on current density. 16 Increase in current density from 0?5 to 1?5 A dm 22 increased stress but further increase in current density led to a decrease in the internal stress in Al 2 O 3 -Cu(Sn) composite coatings. 17 Addition of particles may change internal stress due to mismatch of lattice parameters, distortions or cracks between particles and the matrix.…”