Cleaner shrimp are a sustainable option to treat parasitic disease in farmed fish

Vaughan, David B.; Grutter, Alexandra S.; Hutson, Kate S.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32293-6

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In other fish farming systems, cleaner shrimp have been used to remove parasites or parasite eggs from fish and nets and reduce infestation or reinfestation risk (Vaughan et al . 2018a; Vaughan et al . 2018b).…”

Section: What Preventative Methods Are Available?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention not cure: a review of methods to avoid sea lice infestations in salmon aquaculture

Barrett

Oppedal

Robinson

et al. 2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry still struggles with ectoparasitic sea lice despite decades of research and development invested into louse removal methods. In contrast, methods to prevent infestations before they occur have received relatively little research effort, yet may offer key benefits over treatment‐focused methods. Here, we summarise the range of potential and existing preventative methods, conduct a meta‐analysis of studies trialling the efficacy of existing preventative methods and discuss the rationale for a shift to the prevention‐focused louse management paradigm. Barrier technologies that minimise host–parasite encounter rates provide the greatest protection against lice, with a weighted median 76% reduction in infestation density in cages with plankton mesh ‘snorkels’ or ‘skirts’, and up to a 100% reduction for fully enclosed cages. Other methods such as geographic spatiotemporal management, manipulation of swimming depth, functional feeds, repellents and host cue masking can drive smaller reductions that may be additive when used in combination with barrier technologies. Finally, ongoing development of louse‐resistant salmon lineages may lead to long‐term improvements if genetic gain is maintained, while the development of an effective vaccine remains a key target. Preventative methods emphasise host resistance traits while simultaneously reducing host–parasite encounters. Effective implementation has the potential to dramatically reduce the need for delousing and thus improve fish welfare, productivity and sustainability in louse‐prone salmon farming regions.

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Section: What Preventative Methods Are Available?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention not cure: a review of methods to avoid sea lice infestations in salmon aquaculture

Barrett

Oppedal

Robinson

et al. 2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…Client visual discrimination was reduced in gnathiid-exposed fish, providing a mechanism for how long-term cleaner presence in the wild similarly affected clients [9]. [13,143]…”

Section: Fish Cleaning Interactions Changes In Gnathiid Load Affectementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where possible, recipient laboratory hosts should have no previous history of infection. Investigators can subsequently manipulate infections through direct physical addition or removal of parasite life stages and/or hosts [13,14]. Uncontrolled reduction in infection may occur from intraspecific competition, direct removal by host behaviours or host immune response.…”

Section: In Vivo Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic Parasite Cultures and Their Applications

Hutson

Cable

Grutter

et al. 2018

Trends in Parasitology

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In this era of unprecedented growth in aquaculture and trade, aquatic parasite cultures are essential to better understand emerging diseases and their implications for human and animal health. Yet culturing parasites presents multiple challenges, arising from their complex, often multi-host life cycles, multiple developmental stages, variable generation times and reproductive modes. Furthermore, the essential environmental requirements of most parasites remain enigmatic. Despite these inherent difficulties, in vivo and in vitro cultures are being developed for a small but growing number of aquatic pathogens. Expanding this resource will facilitate diagnostic capabilities and treatment trials, thus supporting the growth of sustainable aquatic commodities and communities. Aquatic parasite cultures permit advances in human, animal and environmental health Parasite cultures (see Glossary) facilitate the completion of life cycles over successive generations, either in vivo (i.e. on or in a host) or in vitro (i.e. in the absence of the host). Alternatively, if the full life cycle cannot be completed, some parasite development or extension of life span might be achieved. Ideally, cultures should have defined origins and depending on the application, it may be desirable for them to be genetically restricted and maintain the same restricted subset of genotypes across generations. The ultimate goal of a parasite culture is to provide readily manipulated material of defined life-stages for replicable experimental research. Aquatic cultures include the use of molluscan, crustacean, fish, amphibian, avian and mammalian hosts for a wide diversity of parasites (Table 1). Recent rapid growth in the mass production of aquatic animals for food, alongside growth in international trade, rapid domestication and application of new technologies, drive

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“…The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of 2 biological controls to reduce infestation by the Acropora-eating flatworm P. acroporae on coral. Biocontrol candidates included the peppermint shrimp L. vittata (Stimpson, 1860), which has been previously reported to remove parasites on fish and in the environment (Vaughan et al 2017(Vaughan et al , 2018a, and the wrasse Pseudocheilinus hexataenia (Bleeker, 1857), based on anecdotal evidence that it may reduce P. acroporae populations in aquaria through active foraging (Delbeek & Sprung 2005). This study examined the efficacy of potential biocontrols on adults and eggs of Prosthiostomum acroporae in captive systems over a 24 h period in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological controls to manage Acropora-eating flatworms in coral aquaculture

Barton

Humphrey

Bourne

et al. 2020

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Coral aquaculture is expanding to supply the marine ornamental trade and active coral reef restoration. A common pest of Acropora corals is the Acropora-eating flatworm Prosthiostomum acroporae, which can cause colonial mortality at high infestation densities on Acropora spp. We investigated the potential of 2 biological control organisms in marine aquaria for the control of P. acroporae infestations. A. millepora fragments infested with adult polyclad flatworms (5 flatworms fragment-1) or single egg clusters laid on Acropora skeleton were cohabited with either sixline wrasse Pseudocheilinus hexataenia or the peppermint shrimp Lysmata vittata and compared to a control (i.e. no predator) to assess their ability to consume P. acroporae at different life stages over 24 h. P. hexataenia consumed 100% of adult flatworms from A. millepora fragments (n = 9; 5 flatworms fragment-1), while L. vittata consumed 82.0 ± 26.76% of adult flatworms (mean ± SD; n = 20). Pseudocheilinus hexataenia did not consume any Prosthiostomum acroporae egg capsules, while L. vittata consumed 63.67 ± 43.48% (n = 20) of egg capsules on the Acropora skeletons. Mean handling losses in controls were 5.83% (shrimp system) and 7.50% (fish system) of flatworms and 2.39% (fish system) and 7.50% (shrimp system) of egg capsules. Encounters between L. vittata and P. hexataenia result in predation of P. acroporae on an Acropora coral host and represent viable biological controls for reducing infestations of P. acroporae in aquaculture systems.

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Cleaner shrimp are a sustainable option to treat parasitic disease in farmed fish

Cited by 32 publications

References 52 publications

Prevention not cure: a review of methods to avoid sea lice infestations in salmon aquaculture

Prevention not cure: a review of methods to avoid sea lice infestations in salmon aquaculture

Aquatic Parasite Cultures and Their Applications

Biological controls to manage Acropora-eating flatworms in coral aquaculture

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