Clean synthesis of alkyl levulinates from levulinic acid over one pot synthesized WO3-SBA-16 catalyst

Enumula, Siva Sankar; Gurram, Venkata Ramesh Babu; Chada, Raji Reddy; Burri, David Raju; Kamaraju, Seetha Rama Rao

doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2016.10.032

Cited by 76 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The presence of catalyst in the reaction mixture augments the reaction rate since the catalyst acid sites improve the proton accessibility for catalyzing the esterification reaction (Melero et al 2013;Pasquale et al 2012;Song et al 2015). As for Lewis acid sites played significant roles in the LA esterification reaction, the reaction mechanism might follow different pathway as has been described elsewhere (Enumula et al 2017;Su et al 2013b). Although using excess ethanol accelerated the forward reaction, it also increases production cost.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Parameters On La Esterification With Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thus, 100% selectivity of EL was not attained from the reaction. The side reactions included dehydration of alcohol in the presence of acid catalyst (Siva Sankar et al 2016;Su et al 2013a), transfer hydrogenation of LA and EL to γ-valerolactone (GVL) (Siva Sankar et al 2016) and dehydration of LA to α-angelica lactone (Enumula et al 2017). Furthermore, it is reported that the increase in catalyst acidity facilitated the side reaction involving dehydration of LA to angelica lactone rather than esterification of LA (Siva Sankar et al 2016).…”

Section: Catalyst Screening For Levulinic Acid Esterification With Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plausible reaction mechanism of catalytic esterification of LA with ethanol in the presence of 3 M-SiO 2 can be described by several steps as illustrated in Figure 6. The reaction proceed according to the mechanism proposed previously (Enumula et al 2017;Pasquale et al 2012;Siva Sankar et al 2016;Su et al 2013b). The first step involves the adsorption of LA on the Brønsted acid sites of the catalyst for the formation of protonated LA intermediate.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Parameters On La Esterification With Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Esterification of Levulinic Acid to Levulinate Esters in the Presence of Sulfated Silica Catalyst

Ramli¹,

Hisham²,

Amin³

2018

JSM

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Levulinic acid (LA) is one of biomass derived building block chemicals with various applications. Catalytic esterification of LA with alkyl alcohol produces levulinate ester which can be applied as fragrance, flavouring agents, as well as fuel additives. In this study, a series of sulfated silica (SiO 2) catalyst was prepared by modification of SiO 2 with sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) at different concentrations; 0.5 M to 5 M H 2 SO 4. The catalysts were characterized, and tested for esterification of LA with ethanol to ethyl levulinate (EL). The effect of various reaction parameters including reaction time, catalyst loading and molar ratio of LA to ethanol on esterification of LA to EL were inspected. The catalyst with high concentration of acid sites seemed suitable for LA esterification to EL. Among the sulfated SiO 2 catalysts tested (0.5 M-SiO 2 , 1 M-SiO 2 , 3 M-SiO 2 and 5 M-SiO 2), 3 M-SiO 2 exhibited the highest performance with the optimum EL yield of 54% for reaction conducted at reflux temperature for 4 h, 30% 3 M-SiO 2 loading and LA to ethanol molar ratio of 1:20. Besides, the reusability of 3 M-SiO 2 catalyst for LA esterification with ethanol was examined for five cycles. Esterification of LA with methanol and 1-butanol were also carried out for methyl levulinate (ML) and butyl levulinate (BL) productions with 69% and 40% of ML and BL yields, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of sulfated SiO 2 catalyst for levulinate ester production from LA at mild process condition.

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Section: Effect Of Reaction Parameters On La Esterification With Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Catalyst Screening For Levulinic Acid Esterification With Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Reaction Parameters On La Esterification With Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Esterification of Levulinic Acid to Levulinate Esters in the Presence of Sulfated Silica Catalyst

Ramli¹,

Hisham²,

Amin³

2018

JSM

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“…The application of mesoporous silica as support offers high surface area, uniform pore channels to accommodate active species, hydrophobic nature and high thermal stability. 16,17 Here in we report hydrogenolysis of DPE over Ni/KIT-6 catalysts in continuous process at atmospheric H 2 .…”

Section: For Correspondencementioning

confidence: 94%

Ni/KIT-6 catalysts for hydrogenolysis of lignin-derived diphenyl ether

et al. 2018

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A series of mesoporous silica KIT-6 supported Ni catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method and evaluated for the lignin-derived diphenyl ether hydrogenolysis under atmospheric pressure in the continuous process. All the catalysts were characterized by powder XRD, N 2-physisorption, SEM, TEM, H 2-TPR analysis H 2-pulse chemisorption studies. Among the catalysts, 20-wt%-Ni/KIT-6 exhibited better activity and selectivity due to the well dispersion of Ni particles through uniform pore channel of KIT-6. 20Ni/KIT-6 shows consistent selectivity to aromatics with a decrease in conversion of diphenyl ether during the time on stream studies.

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“…3 Among biomass types, cellulosic biomass is abundantly available, a renewable alternative energy resource and which is the main source of sugar generation. 4 These sugars and other derived molecules have great potential to be converted into other chemicals including being converted into commodity chemicals. 5 Among biomass sugar-derived chemicals, alkyl levulinates have gained specic attention due to their unique properties such as high lubricity, ashpoint stability, non-toxic nature, and ner ow properties under cold conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient synthesis of butyl levulinate from furfuryl alcohol over ordered mesoporous Ti-KIT-6 catalysts for green chemistry applications

et al. 2017

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Clean synthesis of alkyl levulinates from levulinic acid over one pot synthesized WO3-SBA-16 catalyst

Cited by 76 publications

References 55 publications

Esterification of Levulinic Acid to Levulinate Esters in the Presence of Sulfated Silica Catalyst

Esterification of Levulinic Acid to Levulinate Esters in the Presence of Sulfated Silica Catalyst

Ni/KIT-6 catalysts for hydrogenolysis of lignin-derived diphenyl ether

Efficient synthesis of butyl levulinate from furfuryl alcohol over ordered mesoporous Ti-KIT-6 catalysts for green chemistry applications

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