Clean Graphene Electrodes on Organic Thin-Film Devices via Orthogonal Fluorinated Chemistry

Abstract

Graphene is a promising flexible, highly transparent, and elementally abundant electrode for organic electronics. Typical methods utilized to transfer large-area films of graphene synthesized by chemical vapor deposition on metal catalysts are not compatible with organic thin-films, limiting the integration of graphene into organic optoelectronic devices. This article describes a graphene transfer process onto chemically sensitive organic semiconductor thin-films. The process incorporates an elastomeric stamp with a fluorinated polymer release layer that can be removed, post-transfer, via a fluorinated solvent; neither fluorinated material adversely affects the organic semiconductor materials. We used Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to show that chemical vapor deposition graphene can be successfully transferred without inducing defects in the graphene film. To demonstrate our transfer method's compatibility with organic semiconductors, we fabricate three classes of organic thin-film devices: graphene field effect transistors without additional cleaning processes, transparent organic light-emitting diodes, and transparent small-molecule organic photovoltaic devices. These experiments demonstrate the potential of hybrid graphene/organic devices in which graphene is deposited directly onto underlying organic thin-film structures.

Low-Temperature, Dry Transfer-Printing of a Patterned Graphene Monolayer

“…The morphological and elemental characterizations of the surface of transfer-printed graphene discussed above help determine the range of application of our technique in its current form. Since the oligomer residues are likely to be present only on the top surface, that is, the graphene surface that used to be in contact with the PDMS, our technique can be applied to fabrication of (i) devices where only the bottom surface of the graphene electrode is involved in injection or collection of charge carriers, such as LEDs and solar cells, made of organic semiconductors 42 or organometal trihalide perovskite compounds 43 , with top graphene electrodes, and (ii) devices whose graphene electrodes are used to establish electric fields without charge carrier transport, such as thin-film transistors with graphene gate electrodes 44 and terahertz wave modulators 13 14 15 . Meanwhile, when charge carrier injection or collection occurs in both sides of the graphene layer, such as in tandem LEDs and solar cells where it is part of the interlayers, our technique is not applicable.…”

Enhanced paramagnetism of mesoscopic graphdiyne by doping with nitrogen

“…The excellent transport properties of low-dimensional carbon materials such as graphene, carbon nanotube have attracted much attention because of the potential application prospect in future electronic device 1 – 3 . Especially the combination of extraordinary carrier mobility and long spin diffusion makes these materials promising in spintronics or information storage devices 4 .…”

Perfluoroalkylated alternating copolymer possessing solubility in fluorous liquids and imaging capabilities under high energy radiation

“…4-Cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl] pentanoic acid (CDSTSP), 48 5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,12-heptadeca-uorododecan-1-ol, 49 and 5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,12-heptadeca-uorododecan-1-amine 50 were prepared according to the literature. (5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,12-Heptadeca-uorododecyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (R F Mi, 3). To a magnetically stirred solution of triphenylphosphine (1.90 g, 7.21 mmol) in THF (anhydrous, 50 cm 3 ) was added diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (1.46 g, 7.21 mmol) under a N 2 atmosphere at À78 C. The mixture was stirred for 10 min, and another solution of 5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,12-heptadecauorododecan-1-ol (4.26 g, 8.65 mmol) in THF (8 cm 3 ) was added to the mixture at À78 C. Maleimide (0.700 g, 7.21 mmol) was then added to the solution, and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to ambient temperature.…”

“…This phenomenon was understood in terms of crosslinking reactions among the radical species generated on the peruoroalkyl moieties. 7 Driven by these preliminary results and the benets of polymers possessing chemical orthogonality, [8][9][10] the authors began a larger study to develop the chemistry into meaningful applications. The starting point was to identify the limits of the current peruoroalkylated polymethacrylate substrates, and to improve their thermal and mechanical properties.…”