Clean Cities Annual Metrics Report 2008

Johnson, Caley; Bergeron, P.

doi:10.2172/964605

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…Although a similar comprehensive report does not exist for the U.S., the decreasing trends observed in this study could be attributed to a general nationwide effort toward cleaner air, as a result of the 1970 Clean Air Act. For example, the Clean Cities Program, which promotes the use of alternative fuels and cleaner vehicles, reported an annual decrease in the use of gasoline of about 15% in cities (21). If PAH emissions followed this trend, the halving time would be 4.3 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Trend Analysis of Atmospheric POPs Concentrations in the Great Lakes Region Since 1990

Venier

Hites

2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Using a multiple linear regression model of the concentrations of several persistent organic pollutants in the atmospheric vapor and particle phases and in precipitation, we have analyzed a data set of about 700,000 values to determine the rate at which these concentrations are decreasing. These concentrations were measured as part of the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN), which has operated several sites near the North American Great Lakes since 1991. The pollutants measured include 83 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 24 organochlorine pesticides. In the approach used here, for each of the three phases, the concentrations of a specific chemical at all the sites were combined and fitted with a regression incorporating the sine and cosine of the Julian Day (relative to 1 January 1990 and with a periodicity of one year) and the population living and working within a 25-km radius of the sampling site. Partial residuals were then calculated for each datum, all of the residuals for the three phases were combined, and an overall halving time was calculated from them. This relatively simple approach indicated that the concentrations of PCBs in air around the Great Lakes are decreasing with an overall halving time of 17 ± 2 years, which is slow for a substance that was banned about 35 years ago. Phenanthrene, chrysene, and endosulfan showed halving times on the order of 10 years. The concentrations of several organochlorine pesticides were decreasing more rapidly; for example α- and γ-HCH (lindane) have halving times of about 3.5 years.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Trend Analysis of Atmospheric POPs Concentrations in the Great Lakes Region Since 1990

Venier

Hites

2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…While only 4% of the total inventory, two-thirds of these LPG vehicles were reported to be heavy-duty, resulting in 13% of total fuel displacement by AFVs fuel displacement -second only to CNG vehicles. For the 2,333 nonroad vehicles reported, propane was clearly the fuel of choice, accounting for 84% of total fuel use from these vehicles (Johnson and Bergeron 2009). …”

Section: Educate Target Markets On How Propane Can Contain Costs and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Propane vehicles : status, challenges, and opportunities.

Werpy¹,

Bertram²,

Burnham³

2010

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“…A few notable projects include: In 2007, 86 of the 87 Clean Cities Program coalitions reported that 41% of the total alternative fuel displacement was from NGVs, primarily medium-and heavy-duty trucks and buses . In 2008, this total replacement figure grew to 53% (Johnson and Bergeron 2009). Technical support through Clean Cities Tiger Teams has been able to solve specific infrastructure or fleet problems.…”

Section: Clean Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%