Clean borrowing hydrogen methodology using hydrotalcite supported copper catalyst

Recent advances on the utilization of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and related heterogeneous catalysts in a lignocellulosic-feedstock biorefinery scheme

“…197 The observed reaction rates were significantly higher than those of previously reported homogeneous Ru catalysts combined with a stoichiometric amount of Na 2 CO 3 . In 2013, Dixit et al 198 studied the catalytic activity of an Mg-Al hydrotalcite supported copper in the conversion of various alcohols in the aldol condensation with ketones (see Fig. 18-2) and the alkylation of amines (see Fig.…”

Ligand‐Free FeCl2‐Catalyzed α‐Alkylation of Ketones with Alcohols

“…However, the use of these highly expensive ligands and their multistep synthesis often is a major concern. Recently, supported heterogeneous metal catalysts, for example, Pd,– Ru, Cu, and Ni– have also been developed for ɑ‐alkylation of ketones with primary alcohols. Although these offer a green and sustainable approach for α‐alkylation of ketones, a large excess of base (up to 300 mol%) and the presence of hydrogen acceptor are necessary, and even sometimes accompany with the over‐reduction of the targeted products in some cases.…”

Catalytic alkylation of acetone with ethanol over Pd/carbon catalyst in flow-through system via borrowing hydrogen route

“…Thus, the paired functionalities (nucleophilic α-carbons of the acetone and electrophilic α-carbon of the alco-Novodárszki et al: Catalytic Alkylation of Acetone with Ethanol Over ... hols) enable to construct higher alkanes from two-carbon, three carbon and four-carbon precursors. The alkylation under suitable conditions (110 o C in toluene using stirred pressurized batch reactor) results in C 5 -C 11 or longerchain ketones, 11 which may be deoxygenated to paraffin, the components of fuel. Palladium on carbon was superior to the other metals (Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Ni) using in various forms with different bases in molar equivalent to alcohols.…”

“…The applied metals are working based on hydrogen borrowing methodology. [11][12][13] Further the applied bases type and amount is a determining factor in the process.…”