Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that can be classified into distinct molecular subtypes. The aims of this study were 1) to compare claudin (
CLDN
) gene expression in CRC samples and normal colon mucosa, and then in the different CRC molecular subtypes, and 2) to assess their prognostic value.
Patients and methods
CLDN
expression in CRC samples was analyzed using gene expression data for a cohort of 143 primary CRC samples, and compared in the same CRC samples classified into different molecular subtypes (C1 to C6 according to the Marisa’s classification, and CMS1 to CMS4 of the consensus classification). Comparison of
CLDN
expression in normal and tumor colon samples was also made on a smaller number of samples. Then, the relationship between
CLDN
expression profiles and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival was examined.
Results
Compared with normal mucosa,
CLDN1
and
CLDN2
were upregulated, whereas
CLDN5
,
7
,
8
, and
23
were downregulated in CRC samples. Variations in
CLDN
expression profiles were observed mainly in the CMS2/C1 and CMS4/C4 subtypes. Overall, expression of
CLDN2
or
CLDN4
alone had a strong prognostic value that increased when they were associated. In the CMS4/C4 subtypes, lower expressions of
CLDN11
,
CLDN12
, and
CLDN23
were associated with longer OS. Conversely, in the CMS2 and C1 subtypes, low
CLDN23
expression was associated with shorter OS and progression-free survival, suggesting a dual role for
CLDN23
as a tumor suppressor/promoter in CRC.
CLDN6
and
CLDN11
had a prognostic value in the CMS2 and C4 subtypes, respectively.
Conclusion
This analysis of
CLDN
gene expression profiles and prognostic value in CRC samples classified according to their molecular subtype shows that CRC heterogeneity must be taken into account when assessing
CLDN
potential value as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets.