Clays as a Host Matrix in the Synthesis of Organic Macrocycles

Abstract

A new approach for the synthesis of amide macrocycles, based on the use of organo-clay derivatives as controlling template, is proposed as an alternative to the rotaxane method. Dications of p-xylylene diamine inserted in the clay interlayer space act as molding pillars around which neutral diamine molecules are erected via hydrogen bonding and pi-pi interactions to form supramolecular arrays. Condensation of diamines in the supramolecular arrays with diacetyl dichlorides yields various tetramide macrocycles in good yields. Shape, aromaticity and dimensions of the reactants are factors affecting the condensation reaction.

Engineering of poly(ethylene glycol) chain-tethered surfaces to obtain high-performance bionanoparticles

“…These porous clay materials interact with guest compounds mostly via electrostatic forces [67] and hydrogen bonding [68]. The formation of inclusion complexes by these interactions has been widely investigated for various types of guest compounds containing polar functional groups, particularly organic cations.…”

Smectite Clays as Solid Supports for Immobilization of β-Glucosidase: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biochemical Properties

“…Smectite clays have a natural ability to adsorb organic and inorganic cationic species or even neutral guest molecules from solutions. Because of their unique properties, clay minerals can be used as catalysts, 20,21 templates 22,23 in organic synthesis, or as building blocks for composite materials. [24][25][26][27][28][29] The nature of the microenvironment between the aluminosilicate sheets regulates the topology of the intercalated molecules and affects possible supramolecular rearrangements or reactions, such as self-assembling processes that are usually difficult to control in solution.…”

Template-assisted Synthesis of Polymer - Li Composites with Fractal Patterns

“…2a), which is in complete accordance with previously reported results. [26] However, the XRD patterns of the monomer-inserted clay (DMDAAC-MMT with a DMDAAC monomer concentration of 0.01 mol) indicates that the d 001 reflection has shifted to a lower angle (2y ¼ 248), and consequently the d spacing has increased to 1.425 nm (Fig. 2b).…”