Clay Modified Electrodes: Present Applications and Prospects

Navrátilová, Zuzana; Kula, Petr

doi:10.1002/elan.200390103

Cited by 133 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Two main approaches are usually used to build CFMEs: (i) the spin-coating of a colloidal suspension enriched with clay particles, (ii) the drop-coating on the active surface of the electrode of the clay suspension, both followed by drying either in air or in an oven at a given temperature. As stated by Navratilova & Kula (2003), the way of drying, the type of clay and the size of clay particles are crucial factors for obtaining a film with required stability, uniformity and thickness. The high adsorption power of clays and clay minerals, combined with their particular colloidal properties allowed their exploitation as suitable modifiers for the elaboration of clay film-modified electrodes used to analyze pesticides.…”

Section: Clay Film-modified Electrodes (Cfmes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltammetric Analysis of Pesticides

Tonle¹,

Ngameni²

2011

Pesticides in the Modern World - Trends in Pesticides Analysis

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Section: Clay Film-modified Electrodes (Cfmes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltammetric Analysis of Pesticides

Tonle¹,

Ngameni²

2011

Pesticides in the Modern World - Trends in Pesticides Analysis

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“…Compared to previously reported rates of the uptake of metal ions at various CMCPE surfaces, the present process was very fast. [26][27][28][29][30][38][39][40][41] Calibration graph, precision, and detection limit…”

Section: Optimization Of the Experimental Conditions For Electroanalymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14][15] In addition, CMEs possess distinct advantages over mercury electrodes due to their possible toxicity, or because of a rapid deterioration of the electrode response. 16 Platinum and gold electrodes form surface oxide, also causing complications with analytical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Preparation of a Clay-modified Carbon Paste Electrode Based on 2-Thiazoline-2-thiol-hexadecylammonium Sorption for the Sensitive Determination of Mercury

et al. 2005

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IntroductionMontmorillonites, as clay minerals, are used on a large scale industrially in many different fields, such as oil drilling, building industry and agriculture. 1 These minerals consist of silicate layers stacked on one another. Their physical and chemical properties mainly depend on their large surface area and multi-layered structure. 1 Therefore, it is very interesting to modify the surface of the mineral, e.g. by the adsorption of organic molecules. 2 Clays obtained by adsorption of this kind of organic material, at the maximum degree of hydrophobicity, are called organo-clays, and are used in a wide range of practical applications, such as in drilling muds, paints and inks. [3][4][5] An organophilic surface and interlayer environment can be produced by replacing naturally occurring inorganic exchange cations with a variety of organic cations. Replacement of the inorganic cations in montmorillonite by alkylammonium cations opens up the lamellae and causes profound changes in the sorption and intercalation of organic molecules. [6][7][8] In contrast to natural montmorillonites, organic molecules are now freely sorbed between the montmorillonite lamellae, and the sorptive capacity is greatly increased. The montmorillonites are much more organophilic than the same crystals before exchange. 9,10 Numerous studies have been devoted to clay-organic complexes. However, only a small amount of data has been assembled out to study the quantitative aspects of adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by organo-clay minerals. 11It is known that regular organo-clay minerals are ineffective sorbents of aqueous-phase heavy-metal ions. Based on the fact that organo-clays exhibit strong sorptive capabilities for organic molecules, organofunctional groups with potential usefulness in chemical analysis can be incorporated on their surface. The physically adsorbed reagents do not present any restrictions in coordinating with the metal ions on the surface. Quantitative retention of the metal ion complex species on the surface is possible because they are insoluble in a solvent.In this context, organofunctional groups loaded on an organoclay surface can perfectly be used in the preconcentration process of metal ions present in water samples as well as in the voltammetric determination of mercury at a chemically modified carbon-paste electrode (CMCPE).Clay modified electrodes (CMEs) possess distinct advantages over conventional electrodes in numerous application areas, including electrocatalysis, electrochemical sensors and preconcentration.These electrodes naturally have an exceptional attractiveness for the electrochemical detection of A montmorillonite from Wyoming-USA was used to prepare an organo-clay complex, named 2-thiazoline-2-thiolhexadecyltrimethylammonium-clay (TZT-HDTA-clay), for the purpose of the selective adsorption of the heavy metals ions and possible use as a chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE). Adsorption isotherms of Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ from aqueous solu...

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“…Therefore, the modification and the "molecular design" of the transducer surface and the formation of grafted layers on solid surfaces constitute an actively developing new area of investigation. Problems of the chemical modification of solid surfaces, specific and regular features of the modifier attachment to various solid matrices, and examples of practical applications of chemical sensors (modified electrodes) are overviewed in the papers [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified carbon-containing electrodes in stripping voltammetry of metals

Stozhko

Малахова

Fyodorov

et al. 2008

J Solid State Electrochem

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Papers dealing with modified electrodes made of carbon materials and composites for use in stripping voltammetry of metals have been reviewed. The review consists of two parts, of which the first considers applications of modified glassy carbon and carbon paste electrodes, while the second describes diverse modified carbon-containing composite and microscopic electrodes. Information about modifiers, electrode modification methods, conditions, and limits of detection of elements in different materials has been tabulated. The review covers 550 papers published in Russia and abroad between 1990 and the first half of 2007.

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Clay Modified Electrodes: Present Applications and Prospects

Cited by 133 publications

References 119 publications

Voltammetric Analysis of Pesticides

Voltammetric Analysis of Pesticides

Preparation of a Clay-modified Carbon Paste Electrode Based on 2-Thiazoline-2-thiol-hexadecylammonium Sorption for the Sensitive Determination of Mercury

Modified carbon-containing electrodes in stripping voltammetry of metals

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