Clay minerals as photochemical reaction fields

Organic xenobiotics removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of the support matrix

“…In a more strict definition, clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates which possess a layered structure. According to the differences in that structure they can be classified as smectites (montmorillonite, saponite), mica (illite), kaolinite, serpentine, pylophyllite (talc), vermiculite and sepiolite [167]. The structure of these minerals features a net negative charge which is balanced by exchangeable cations.…”

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“…Clay are composed of the octahedral (Al 3+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , or Mg 2+ ) and tetrahedral (Si 4+ ) structures depending on the type of clay [1]. There are several classes of clays such as smectites (montmorillonite, saponite), mica (illite), kaolinite, serpentine, pylophyllite (talc), vermiculite and sepiolite [2]. Clays are composed by hydrous aluminum, silica, magnesium and iron, it may also contain calcium, potassium and other ions, which are non-clay minerals.…”

Fluorescence Anisotropy to Study the Preferential Orientation of Fluorophores in Ordered Bi-Dimensional Systems: Rhodamine 6G/Laponite Layered Films

“…Several reviews of dye/clay systems have been published in the last few years [9,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. The photophysics of rhodamines encapsulated in constrained nanostructured domains in general and in solid clay thin films in particular, has special interests [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76] For instance: the improvement in the photophysical and lasing properties of the dye, the enhancement in the photo-and thermostability and the elaboration of macroscopic organized arrangements of R6G molecules with nonlinear optical properties.…”