Clay mineral reactions caused by frictional heating during an earthquake: An example from the Taiwan Chelungpu fault

Hirono, Tetsuro; Fujimoto, Koichiro; Yokoyama, Tadashi; Hamada, Yohei; Tanikawa, Wataru; Tadai, Osamu; Mishima, Tomokazu; Tanimizu, Masaharu; Lin, Weiren; Soh, Wonn; Song, Sheng-Rong

doi:10.1029/2008gl034476

Cited by 71 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These results suggest that the transformation of Ca-smectite into illite has progressed in the fault gouge. It has been proposed that the transformation of smectite to illite in the shear zone occurs by dissolution and recrystallization processes, shear-related deformations, and frictional heating (Yan et al 2001;Hirono et al 2008;Casciello et al 2011). The coexistent anomalies of R o and the clay mineralogy anomalies in the gouges suggest that frictional heating is the most likely cause for the illitization within the gouges (Yamaguchi et al 2011b).…”

Section: Earthquake Faulting Recorded In Fault Gougesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake faulting in subduction zones: insights from fault rocks in accretionary prisms

Ujiie

Kimura

2014

Prog Earth Planet Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Subduction earthquakes on plate-boundary megathrusts accommodate most of the global seismic moment release, frequently resulting in devastating damage by ground shaking and tsunamis. As many earthquakes occur in deep-sea regions, the dynamics of earthquake faulting in subduction zones is poorly understood. However, the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment (NanTroSEIZE) and fault rock studies in accretionary prisms exhumed from source depths of subduction earthquakes have greatly improved our understanding of earthquake faulting in subduction zones. Here, we review key advances that have been made over the last decade in the studies of fault rocks and in laboratory experiments using fault zone materials, with a particular focus on the Nankai Trough subduction zone and its on-land analog, the Shimanto accretionary complex in Japan. New insights into earthquake faulting in subduction zones are summarized in terms of the following: (1) the occurrence of seismic slip along velocity-strengthening materials both at shallow and deep depths; (2) dynamic weakening of faults by melt lubrication and fluidization, and possible factors controlling coseismic deformation mechanisms; (3) fluid-rock interactions and mineralogical and geochemical changes during earthquakes; and (4) geological and experimental aspects of slow earthquakes.

show abstract

Section: Earthquake Faulting Recorded In Fault Gougesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake faulting in subduction zones: insights from fault rocks in accretionary prisms

Ujiie

Kimura

2014

Prog Earth Planet Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The composition of natural fault gouges also shows complex variation: Many gouges consist largely of clay minerals such as smectite and illite (e.g., Vrolijk and van der Pluijm 1999;Hirono et al 2008a;Lockner et al 2011), although sandy gouge has been reported in the major thrust in the Nankai Trough (Hirono et al 2014a). Because understanding the role of microscale deformation structure (fabrics) and mineralogy in fault gouges is important for developing process-based models of friction, many experimental studies have been performed (e.g., Ikari et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity in friction strength of an active fault by incorporation of fragments of the surrounding host rock

Kato

Hirono

2016

Earth Planet Sp

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To understand the correlation between the mesoscale structure and the frictional strength of an active fault, we performed a field investigation of the Atera fault at Tase, central Japan, and made laboratory-based determinations of its mineral assemblages and friction coefficients. The fault zone contains a light gray fault gouge, a brown fault gouge, and a black fault breccia. Samples of the two gouges contained large amounts of clay minerals such as smectite and had low friction coefficients of approximately 0.2-0.4 under the condition of 0.01 m s −1 slip velocity and 0.5-2.5 MP confining pressure, whereas the breccia contained large amounts of angular quartz and feldspar and had a friction coefficient of 0.7 under the same condition. Because the fault breccia closely resembles the granitic rock of the hangingwall in composition, texture, and friction coefficient, we interpret the breccia as having originated from this protolith. If the mechanical incorporation of wall rocks of high friction coefficient into fault zones is widespread at the mesoscale, it causes the heterogeneity in friction strength of fault zones and might contribute to the evolution of fault-zone architectures.

show abstract

“…Many of the mechanisms are activated by frictional heating during 1 rapid slip characteristic of seismic events, including thermal pressurization of pore fluids (TP), flash heating of the microscopic contacting asperities, and frictional melting [e.g., Rice, 2006, and references therein]. The temperature rise in the vicinity of a fault has been studied based on geological observations, including the existence of pseudotachylytes [e.g., Sibson, 1975], the change in the ESR signal [Fukuchi et al, 2005], the decomposition and reaction of rock-forming minerals [e.g., Hirono et al, 2008;Hamada et al, 2009aHamada et al, , 2009b, and the recovery of fission tracks [d'Alessio et al, 2003]. It is critically important to incorporate frictional heating and the resulting weakening processes into models of earthquake sequences so that the seismological observations as well as outcomes from field and experimental geology can be properly interpreted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional earthquake sequence simulations with evolving temperature and pore pressure due to shear heating: Effect of heterogeneous hydraulic diffusivity

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] A new methodology for three-dimensional (3-D) simulations of earthquake sequences is presented that accounts not only for inertial effects during seismic events but also for shear-induced temperature variations on the fault and the associated evolution of pore fluid pressure. In particular, the methodology allows to capture thermal pressurization (TP) due to frictional heating in a shear zone. One-dimensional (1-D) diffusion of heat and pore fluids in the fault-normal direction is incorporated using a spectral method, which is unconditionally stable, accurate with affordable computational resources, and highly suitable to earthquake sequence calculations that use variable time steps. The approach is used to investigate the effect of heterogeneous hydraulic properties by considering a fault model with two regions of different hydraulic diffusivities and hence different potential for TP. We find that the region of more efficient TP produces larger slip in model-spanning events. The slip deficit in the other region is filled with more frequent smaller events, creating spatiotemporal complexity of large events on the fault. Interestingly, the area of maximum slip in model-spanning events is not associated with the maximum temperature increase because of stronger dynamic weakening in that area. The region of more efficient TP has lower interseismic shear stress, which discourages rupture nucleation there, contrary to what was concluded in prior studies. Seismic events nucleate in the region of less efficient TP where interseismic shear stress is higher. In our model, hypocenters of large events do not occur in areas of large slip or large stress drop.Citation: Noda, H., and N. Lapusta (2010), Three-dimensional earthquake sequence simulations with evolving temperature and pore pressure due to shear heating: Effect of heterogeneous hydraulic diffusivity,

show abstract

Clay mineral reactions caused by frictional heating during an earthquake: An example from the Taiwan Chelungpu fault

Cited by 71 publications

References 21 publications

Earthquake faulting in subduction zones: insights from fault rocks in accretionary prisms

Earthquake faulting in subduction zones: insights from fault rocks in accretionary prisms

Heterogeneity in friction strength of an active fault by incorporation of fragments of the surrounding host rock

Three‐dimensional earthquake sequence simulations with evolving temperature and pore pressure due to shear heating: Effect of heterogeneous hydraulic diffusivity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About