Clay mineral formation in soils of two different chronosequences in the Swiss Alps

Egli, Markus; Mirabella, Aldo; Fitze, P.

doi:10.1016/s0016-7061(01)00079-9

Cited by 91 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The soil "Igls Plans" is more weathered than soil "Peidra Mora" and shows relative element losses that are close to soils that developed over post-Egesen time [60,61,64,65]. The soil "Peidra Mora" shows typical weathering rates of a soil that must have an age of < 10 ky [60,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas

Böhlert

Compeer

Egli

et al. 2011

TOGEOGJ

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To exploit the potential of rock glaciers as indicators of past climate condition it is first necessary to date them. The combined application of both relative and absolute dating techniques is a promising approach. In this study, we present Schmidt-hammer rebound value measurements and weathering rind thicknesses on four active and one relict rock glacier in the Albula area of the eastern Swiss Alps. Associated landforms such as the moraines in front of rock glaciers and glacially polished bedrock also were used to set up the temporal framework. This was done using soil chemical analyses, radiocarbon dating of the stable fraction of soil organic matter and surface exposure dating of boulders. Schmidt-hammer and weathering rind measurements showed, in most cases, well-pronounced trends with increasing surface ages. These values are in line with measurements from other nearby rock glaciers with comparable lithologies. Use of this information together with the numeric ages makes it possible to derive two main activity phases: one started soon after the ice retreat following the Younger Dryas, the main activity occurred most likely in the early Holocene and lasted approximately until the Holocene climate optimum. The second activity phase continues today and had an unclear start between 10 to 6 cal ky BP. Abstract: To exploit the potential of rock glaciers as indicators of past climate condition it is first necessary to date them. The combined application of both relative and absolute dating techniques is a promising approach. In this study, we present Schmidt-hammer rebound value measurements and weathering rind thicknesses on four active and one relict rock glacier in the Albula area of the eastern Swiss Alps. Associated landforms such as the moraines in front of rock glaciers and glacially polished bedrock also were used to set up the temporal framework. This was done using soil chemical analyses, radiocarbon dating of the stable fraction of soil organic matter and surface exposure dating of boulders. Schmidt-hammer and weathering rind measurements showed, in most cases, well-pronounced trends with increasing surface ages. These values are in line with measurements from other nearby rock glaciers with comparable lithologies. Use of this information together with the numeric ages makes it possible to derive two main activity phases: one started soon after the ice retreat following the Younger Dryas, the main activity occurred most likely in the early Holocene and lasted approximately until the Holocene climate optimum. The second activity phase continues today and had an unclear start between 10 to 6 cal ky BP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…10) was higher at the site "Igls Plans". The weathering status of the soil "Igls Plans" is typical for Alpine soils which have developed over the entire postEgesan period [60,61].…”

Section: Soils and Weathering Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas

Böhlert

Compeer

Egli

et al. 2011

TOGEOGJ

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“…6a). Smectite and regularly interstratified dioctahedral mica/smectite could be 532 identified generally in the most-weathered horizons (e.g., Egli et al, 2001b;2003a). With the 533 exception of the present top layer of the polygenetic soil (S4) and of the soils developed at the 534 highest altitude (S8 and S9), a significant amount of smectites was measured in the surface horizons 535 (Table 6) and have a high radiocarbon age and high element losses.…”

Section: Relative Dating Techniques 515mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positive strains (ε 495 i,w ) were usually measured in all profiles (Table 8). Positive values indicate dilatation due to the 496 formation of humus or (bio)pores (Egli et al, 2001b). The open-system mass transport functions τ 497 are listed against depth for each soil and element (Table 8).…”

Section: Mass Balance Calculations 489mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined use of relative and absolute dating techniques for detecting signals of Alpine landscape evolution during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene

et al. 2009

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Combined use of relative and absolute dating techniques for detecting signals of Alpine landscape evolution during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene Abstract A combination of three relative and two absolute(numerical) dating techniques, applied on nine soil profiles in an Alpine environment located in Val di Rabbi (Trentino, Northern Italy), was used to improve the investigation methodology of Alpine sites in response to climate change and to reconstruct the chronology of late Pleistocene and early Holocene landscape evolution. The degree of podzolisation, clay mineral evolution and the element mass balances of each site were investigated. Furthermore, the stable fraction of the soil organic matter (SOM) was extracted with 10% H2O2 and 14C-dated. The age of the organic residues was compared with the age of charcoal fragments found in one of the studied soils and with the age of rock boulders obtained by surface exposure dating (SED) with cosmogenic 10Be. Numerical dating and weathering characteristics of the soils showed a fairly good agreement and enabled a relative and absolute differentiation of landscape elements. The combination of 14C-dating of SOM and SED indicated that deglaciation processes in Val di Rabbi were already far advanced by around 14000 cal BP and that glacier oscillations affected the highest part of the region until about 9000 cal BP. The development of clay minerals is time-dependent and reflects weathering intensity. We found a close link between secondary clay minerals like smectite or vermiculite and soil age as obtained by the dating of the organic residues after the H2O2 treatment. Calculated element mass balances strongly correlated with the ages derived from 14C measurements. Old soils have lost a major part of base cations (up to 75% compared to the parent material), Fe and Al, which indicates a continuous high weathering intensity. Results of the chemical and mineralogical analyses were in good agreement with numerical dating techniques, showing the dynamics of an Alpine landscape within a relatively small area. The combination of relative and absolute dating techniques is a promising tool for the reconstruction of landscape history in high-elevation Alpine areas on siliceous substrates.

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“…10) was higher at the site "Igls Plans". The weathering status of the soil "Igls Plans" is typical for Alpine soils which have developed over the entire post-Egesan period [60,61].…”

Section: Soils and Weathering Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Impact of Canopy Structure on the Spatial Variability of Net Forest Precipitation and Interception Loss in Scots Pine Stands

Ahrends

Penne²

2010

TOGEOGJ

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Abstract:To exploit the potential of rock glaciers as indicators of past climate condition it is first necessary to date them. The combined application of both relative and absolute dating techniques is a promising approach. In this study, we present Schmidt-hammer rebound value measurements and weathering rind thicknesses on four active and one relict rock glacier in the Albula area of the eastern Swiss Alps. Associated landforms such as the moraines in front of rock glaciers and glacially polished bedrock also were used to set up the temporal framework. This was done using soil chemical analyses, radiocarbon dating of the stable fraction of soil organic matter and surface exposure dating of boulders. Schmidt-hammer and weathering rind measurements showed, in most cases, well-pronounced trends with increasing surface ages. These values are in line with measurements from other nearby rock glaciers with comparable lithologies. Use of this information together with the numeric ages makes it possible to derive two main activity phases: one started soon after the ice retreat following the Younger Dryas, the main activity occurred most likely in the early Holocene and lasted approximately until the Holocene climate optimum. The second activity phase continues today and had an unclear start between 10 to 6 cal ky BP.

show abstract

Clay mineral formation in soils of two different chronosequences in the Swiss Alps

Cited by 91 publications

References 13 publications

A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas

A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas

Combined use of relative and absolute dating techniques for detecting signals of Alpine landscape evolution during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene

Modeling the Impact of Canopy Structure on the Spatial Variability of Net Forest Precipitation and Interception Loss in Scots Pine Stands

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