Clay gouge

Vrolijk, Peter; Pluijm, Ben A. van der

doi:10.1016/s0191-8141(99)00103-0

Cited by 243 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…[2] Fluids associated with the formation of clay minerals are increasingly recognized as an important factor in shallow crustal faulting at depths of <10 km [Wu et al, 1975;Carter et al, 1990;Sibson, 1994;Vrolijk and van der Pluijm, 1999]. Their circulation along faults and shear zones can enhance mineral dissolution, element transport, mineral precipitation and rock deformation, depending on the temporal and spatial variations in temperature, pressure and element activities [Beach, 1976;Hulsebosch and Frost, 1989;Manatschal et al, 2000;Hayman, 2006].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on mineralization, fluid‐rock interaction, and mass transfer during faulting at 2–3 km depth from the SAFOD drill hole

et al. 2009

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[1] Mineralogical and geochemical changes in mudrock cuttings from two segments of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) drill hole (3066-3169 and 3292-3368 m measured depth) are analyzed in this study. Bulk rock samples and hand-picked fault-related grains characterized by polished surfaces and slickensides were investigated by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and geochemical analysis. The elemental changes in fault-related grains along the sampled San Andreas Fault are attributed to dissolution of detrital grains (particularly feldspar and quartz) and local precipitation of illite-smectite and/or chlorite-smectite mixed layers in fractures and veins. Assuming ZrO 2 and TiO 2 to be immobile elements, systematic differences in element concentrations show that most of the elements are depleted in the fault-related grains compared to the wall rock lithology. Calculated mass loss between the bulk rock and picked fault rock ranges from 17 to 58% with a greater mass transport in the shallow trace of the sampled fault that marks the upper limit the fault core. The relatively large amount of element transport at temperatures of $110-114°C recorded throughout the core requires extensive fluid circulation during faulting. Whereas dissolution/precipitation may be partly induced by the disequilibrium between fluids and rocks during diagenetic processes, stress-induced dissolution at grain contacts is proposed as the main mechanism for extensive mineral transformation in the fault rocks and localization of neomineralization along grain interface slip surfaces.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on mineralization, fluid‐rock interaction, and mass transfer during faulting at 2–3 km depth from the SAFOD drill hole

et al. 2009

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“…한다 (Vrolijk and van der Pluijm, 1999;Grathoff et al, 2001). 이 같은 결과는 기존의 단층점토를 대상으 로 수행한 연구결과들 (Pevear, 1992(Pevear, , 1999van der Pluijm et al, 2001van der Pluijm et al, , 2006Solum et al, 2005; Haines and van der Pluijm, 2008; Schleicher et (Srodon and Eberl, 1984;Alt and Jiang, 1991;Inoue et al, 1992;Kuwahara et.…”

Section: 토의 및 결론unclassified

Reactivated Timings of Some Major Faults in the Chugaryeong Fault Zone since the Cretaceous Period

Chung¹,

Song²,

Park³

et al. 2014

Economic and Environmental Geology

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Recently developed illite-age-analysis (IAA) approach has been applied to determine the multiple events for the Singal and Wangsukcheon faults in the Chugaryeong fault belt, Korea. Fault reactivated events during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene events(69.2±0.3 Ma and 27.2±0.5 Ma) for the Singal fault and of 75.4±0.8 Ma for the Wangsukcheon fault were determined by combined approach of the optimized illite-polytype quantification and the K-Ar age-dating of clay fractions separated from the fault clays. These absolute geochronological determinations of the multiple tectonic events recorded in the Chugaryeong fault belt are crucial to establish the tectonic evolution of the Korean Peninsula since Late Cretaceous.

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“…In aseismic creeping fault, deformation gives rise to textural rearrangement of clay particles (e.g. Buatier et al 2012) and/or dissolution-precipitation mechanisms, both mechanisms being particularly important in the fault strength reduction (Wintsch et al 1995;Vrolijk and van der Pluijm 1999;Smith and Faulkner 2010). The softening effect of rearrangement of clays was also observed in the Zuccale fault by Viti and Colettini (2009) who described growth and deformation of talc in this fault zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…They represent an important parameter that can control the fault deformation processes. Consequently, the motion mechanisms along major faults can be largely influenced by the presence of clay minerals (Rutter et al 1986, Vrolijk andVan der Pluijm 1999;Van der Pluijm 2011). The low friction coefficient characterizing clay minerals favours the slip weakening through steady aseismic creeping deformation (Morrow et al, 2000;Collettini et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microtextural investigation (SEM and TEM study) of phyllosilicates in a major thrust fault zone (Monte Perdido, southern Pyrenees): impact on fault reactivation

et al. 2012

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Thrusting fault zone in foreland basins are characterized by highly foliated zones generally enriched in phyllosilicates which can play a major role on the mechanical behaviour of the fault. In this context, investigations of synkinematic clay minerals permit to determine the origin of the fluid from which they precipitated as well as the mechanisms of deformation. Our study is focused on clay mineral assemblages (illite and chlorite) in a major thrust fault located in the Monte Perdido massif (southern Pyrenees), a shallow thrust that affects upper cretaceouspaleocene platform carbonates and lower Eocene marls and turbidites. It implied 3 km of displacement of the Monte Perdido thrust unit with respect to the underlying Gavarnie unit. In this area the cleavage development by pressuresolution is linked to the Monte Perdido and Gavarnie thrust activity. The core zone of the fault, about 6 m thick, consists of an interval of intensely deformed clay-bearing rocks bounded by major shear surfaces. The deformed sediment is markedly darker than the protolith. Calcitequartz shear veins along the shear planes are abundant. Detailed SEM and TEM observations of highly deformed fault zone samples indicate that clay mineral enrichment in the core zone of the fault is not only related to passive increase by pressure-solution mechanism but that dissolution-recrystallization of phyllosilicates occurs during deformation. A mineral segregation is observed in the highly deformed zone. Newly formed 2M 1 muscovite is present along the cleavage whereas IIb chlorite crystals fill S V 2 shear veins suggesting syntectonic growth of phyllosilicates in the presence of fluids in low-grade metamorphic conditions. These mineralogical reactions act as weakening processes and would favour Monte Perdido fault creeping.

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Clay gouge

Cited by 243 publications

References 24 publications

Constraints on mineralization, fluid‐rock interaction, and mass transfer during faulting at 2–3 km depth from the SAFOD drill hole

Constraints on mineralization, fluid‐rock interaction, and mass transfer during faulting at 2–3 km depth from the SAFOD drill hole

Reactivated Timings of Some Major Faults in the Chugaryeong Fault Zone since the Cretaceous Period

Microtextural investigation (SEM and TEM study) of phyllosilicates in a major thrust fault zone (Monte Perdido, southern Pyrenees): impact on fault reactivation

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