Clay‐Based Interventions for the Control of Chemical and Microbial Hazards in Food and Water

Huebner, Henry J.; Herrera, Paul; Phillips, Timothy D.

doi:10.1002/9780470752579.ch29

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…NS's selectivity was further demonstrated in our laboratory in studies involving nanostructured thin films of NS on quartz that were used as affinity probes for aflatoxins in contaminated media. Our findings show that this composite exhibited comparable selectivity to the Aflatest affinity column from Vicam (Huebner and Phillips 2003;Huebner et al 2004). …”

Section: Selectivity Of Ns Claysupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Fortunately, the toxicity of these compounds is dose related, and their levels in foods and feeds are typically low to non-detectable. However, during extended periods of drought the production of certain hazardous mycotoxins can be unavoidable and may result in contaminated food and feed products that present significant health risks to man and animals (Phillips et al 2002(Phillips et al , 2006Huebner et al 2004;Williams et al 2004). …”

Section: Historical Perspective On Mouldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reducing human exposure to aflatoxin through the use of clay: A review

Phillips

Afriyie-Gyawu

Williams

et al. 2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

186

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Innovative sorption strategies for the detoxification of aflatoxins have been developed. NovaSil clay (NS) has been shown to prevent aflatoxicosis in a variety of animals when included in their diet. Results have shown that NS clay binds aflatoxins with high affinity and high capacity in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a notable reduction in the bioavailability of these toxins without interfering with the utilization of vitamins and other micronutrients. This strategy is being evaluated as a potential remedy for acute aflatoxicosis, and as a sustainable human intervention for aflatoxins via the diet. Phase I and II clinical trials confirmed the apparent safety of NS for further study in humans. A recent study in Ghanaians at high risk for aflatoxicosis has indicated that NS (at a dose level of 0.25%) is effective in decreasing biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure and does not interfere with the levels of serum vitamins A and E, and iron and zinc. In summary, enterosorption strategies/ therapies based on NS clay are promising for the management of aflatoxins and as a sustainable public health intervention. The NS clay remedy is novel, inexpensive and easily disseminated. Based on the present research, aflatoxin sequestering clays should be rigorously evaluated in vitro and in vivo, and should meet the following criteria: (1) favourable thermodynamic characteristics of mycotoxin sorption, (2) tolerable levels of priority metals, dioxins/furans and other hazardous contaminants, (3) safety and efficacy in multiple animal species, (4) safety and efficacy in long-term studies, and (5) negligible interactions with vitamins, iron and zinc and other micronutrients.

show abstract

Section: Selectivity Of Ns Claysupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Historical Perspective On Mouldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing human exposure to aflatoxin through the use of clay: A review

Phillips

Afriyie-Gyawu

Williams

et al. 2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

186

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Phillips and coworkers (2006) have studied the binding capacity of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) in a number of animal species and found that it tightly binds the aflatoxins, due to the latter's structure, and greatly reduces aflatoxicosis in these animals. They have proposed its use in the control of chemical and microbial hazards in food and water (Huebner et al, 2004) and subsequently proved that the clay material was safe for use in human populations at high risk for aflatoxicosis (Wang et al, 2005;Afriyie-Gyawu et al, 2007). More recently these investigators have shown that HSCAS effectively reduced the bioavailability of aflatoxin as evidenced by a reduction in aflatoxin-specific biomarkers in humans without interfering with serum vitamins A and E, and iron, and zinc (Wang et al, 2008;Phillips et al, 2007).…”

Section: Control Of Aflatoxin Occurrence In Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of Aflatoxins and Significant Historical Features

Richard

2008

Toxin Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The discovery of aflatoxins began immediately after an outbreak of a disease of turkeys of unknown etiology in England in 1960. The disease was called Turkey "X" disease and was eventually attributed to a toxic groundnut meal imported from Brazil. From that point, an extensive effort to find the cause eventually elucidated that a species of mold, called Aspergillus flavus, was involved and the hepatotoxic products of this mold, found also as components in the toxic groundnut meal, were called aflatoxins. The finding that the aflatoxins were carcinogenic caused concern for their occurrence in human foods and led to worldwide efforts to determine the relationships of these carcinogens to human disease and determine their occurrence in human foods as well as in animal feeds. The findings that the aflatoxins were immunosuppressive resulted in establishing that they were probable underlying causes to other diseases, mostly infectious in nature. Subsequent efforts led to the finding that aflatoxins can occur preharvest and therefore the aflatoxins were no longer only a storage problem. Major crops such as corn, peanuts, cottonseed, and certain tree nuts were frequently found to be contaminated. These findings were cause for the aflatoxin problem to become a large multidisciplinary scientific investigation into various aspects of concern such as eradication, control, analysis, epidemiology, and plant pathology as well as major efforts to determine the nature of animal disease caused by the aflatoxins. Present-day investigations with aflatoxins continue with elimination as a major thrust based on knowledge of the biosynthetic pathway, genetics of both host and pathogen, host-parasite-vector interactions, plant breeding, biocontrol, and selected agronomic practices. Throughout this manuscript the use of the word aflatoxin(s) may imply a mixture of aflatoxins but usually refers to aflatoxin B 1 . However, where necessary the specific aflatoxin designation may be utilized.

show abstract

Clay‐Based Interventions for the Control of Chemical and Microbial Hazards in Food and Water

Cited by 2 publications

References 66 publications

Reducing human exposure to aflatoxin through the use of clay: A review

Reducing human exposure to aflatoxin through the use of clay: A review

Discovery of Aflatoxins and Significant Historical Features

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About