Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. capsici subsp. nov., causing bacterial canker disease in pepper

Abstract

Clavibacter michiganensis is a Gram-stain-positive bacterium with eight subspecies. One of these subspecies is C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, which causes bacterial canker disease in tomato. Bacterial strains showing very similar canker disease symptoms to those of a strain originally classified as C. michiganensis have been isolated from pepper. In this paper, we reclassified strains isolated from pepper. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequences, the strains isolated from pepper were grouped in a separate clade from other subspecies of C. michiganensis. Biochemical, physiological and genetic characteristics of strain PF008T, which is the representative strain of the isolates from pepper, were examined in this study. Based on multi-locus sequence typing and other biochemical and physiological features including colony color, utilization of carbon sources and enzyme activities, strain PF008T was categorically differentiated from eight subspecies of C. michiganensis. Moreover, genome analysis showed that the DNA G+C content of strain PF008T is 73.2 %. These results indicate that PF008T is distinct from other known subspecies of C. michiganensis. Therefore, we propose a novel subspecies, C. michiganensis subsp. capsici, causing bacterial canker disease in pepper, with a type strain of PF008T (=KACC 18448T=LMG 29047T).

Multiple plasmid‐borne virulence genes of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. capsici critical for disease development in pepper

“…capsici as a novel subspecies causing bacterial canker in pepper, based on biochemical, physiological, and genetic characteristics of C. michiganensis ssp. capsici type strain PF008 (Oh et al, 2016). Moreover, the major disease symptom caused by C. michiganensis ssp.…”

Pathogenicity and phylogenetic analysis of Clavibacter michiganensis strains associated with tomato plants in Iran

“…To obtain precise and reliable data on the phylogenetic position of the bacterial isolates used in this study, 10 representative isolates (Table 2) were selected for MLST/MLSA. Five housekeeping genes (atpD, gyrB, ppk, recA and rpoB) were subjected to MLST analysis as recommended in the literature (Jacques et al, 2012;Yasuhara-Bell & Alvarez, 2015;Oh et al, 2016). The PCR conditions and sequencing procedure were the same as described above.…”

“…The PCR conditions and sequencing procedure were the same as described above. The sequences of these genes for all C. michiganensis subspecies present in the international collections were obtained from the NCBI GenBank and included in the analysis (Gonzalez & Trapiello, 2014;Yasuhara-Bell & Alvarez, 2015;Oh et al, 2016). The sequences were concatenated following the alphabetic order of the genes, ending in a sequence of 2508 bp: nucleotides 1-518 for the atpD, 519-1072 for the gyrB (554 bp), 1073-1603 for the ppk (531 bp), 1604-2197 for the recA (594 bp) and 2198-2508 for the rpoB (311 bp) genes.…”

“…Accordingly, C. michiganensis subsp. capsici has been recently described as the causal agent of bacterial canker of pepper (Oh et al, 2016). In addition to the three new subspecies of the pathogen associated with solanaceous vegetables, a new yellow-pigmented strain isolated from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds and capable of causing bean leaf yellowing disease, has been designated as C. michiganensis subsp.…”

“…chilensis and C. michiganensis subsp. capsici, differ from each other in terms of genetic and phenotypic characteristics, including pathogenicity (Yasuhara-Bell & Alvarez, 2015;Oh et al, 2016). For instance, C. michiganensis subsp.…”