Classroom Teachers Improve the Personality Adjustment of their Pupils

Test-Retest Effect on Personality Questionnaires

“…Groups selected for experimentation on the basis of extreme scores on a test are expected to move toward the mean on later tests solely as a function of statistical regression (88). Some investigators have not adequately recognized this factor in interpreting their results (2,35,36,67,89). Thus, Fleming and Snyder (35), after having selected subjects for therapy on the basis of their high maladjustment rank in three 5 Unfortunately, details such as those involved in this study are not usually reported.…”

Chapter III: Mental Health in Schools and Colleges

“…Flory, Alden, and Simmons (16), studying fourth-grade pupils with the California Personality Test, found that those who fell in the lowest quartile improved their scores to the median after one or two years when informa-tion about these children was supplied to their teachers with the suggestion that they use their own devices for better personality development. Beckmann (6) used psychiatric observation technics to determine the nature of children in three "opportunity" classes for problem children.…”

A House Divided: Guidance and Counseling in 20th‐Century America

“…A number of writers at this time (Kefauver & Hand, 1941;Koos & Kefauver, 1932) expanded this position. As a result, by the 1940s educational guidance as a process of pupil distribution and adjustment was widely accepted by many in the guidance profession (Bratton, 1945;Flory, Allen, & Simmons, 1944;Strang, 1953;Williamson & Foley, 1949).…”