Classroom Assessment in Higher Education

Abstract

Classroom assessment is the process of documenting the knowledge, skills, attitudes and beliefs of learners. It provides essential feedback to both instructors and students to improve their teaching methods for guiding and motivating students to be actively involved in their learning. Assessment drives learning. Formative assessments enable the instructor to guide the students to learn well. Summative assessments enable the measurement of levels of attainment of course outcomes and act as feedback to course design and curriculum improvement. This article presents the underlying principles of assessment through a discussion of assessment approaches and their purposes, types of assessment items, quality of assessment and summative assessment plans. Quality assessment instruments can be developed through an understanding of the quality attributes of assessment items, the process of designing assessment instruments, designing a variety of assessment items, and devising plans to evaluate them through rubrics. An approach is presented for creating a summative assessment plan that can also lead to the attainment of outcomes as per the requirements of programme accreditation.

Students’ reading comprehension: an educational case about a methodological proposal in education

“…Sometimes, reading is being performed in pre-k then, hence some children begin "to read" so fast. Today, reading is not only learned at schools; thus, Rao and Banerjee (2023) mention that reading goes beyond recognizing a quantity of words, hence when somebody reads, it is being employed many cognitive strategies as well as skills. It could be seen as the most meaningful skill that would be given, because it is quite reflexive and involves many other complex capacities compared to the other language skills.…”

Effectiveness of LMS Digital Tools Used by the Academics to Foster Students’ Engagement

“…The theme assessment tools were generated from the question Which assessment tools did you use to measure students' understanding of content? Educational assessment entails gathering and analyzing information about student knowledge, skills, and values in learning, teacher effectiveness, classroom and online management, and institutional procedures, among other topics [41,42]. It was found in this study that various assessment tools on the LMS, including third-party assessing tools, assessment types, instruments, and methods, were applied.…”

“…Several studies that investigated the effective use of LMS applied formative and summative assessment [34,37]. Assessments are conducted to support learning, enhance learning, certify students, and determine prior knowledge [41].…”

Quality indicators of effective teacher-created summative assessment

“…It is an evaluation of the extent to which the outcomes of a unit of study have been achieved and counts towards calculating an overall achievement level (Brady and Kennedy, 2019). In some countries, this is also known as classroom assessment written for summative purposes (Rao and Banerjee, 2023). Summative assessment is a crucial issue in school education, not only in measuring the acquisition of knowledge and skills at the end of a unit of study but also in reporting these outcomes to students, parents and administrators (Cumming et al , 2019; Wyatt-Smith et al , 2017).…”

“…While some systems determine a student’s achievement level solely based on the results of externally set summative assessment, for example, in the USA and England, countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales primarily rely on the results of teacher-created assessment items. It is therefore essential to clearly define the scope of this review by defining what is meant by “teacher-created summative assessment item”, which may take many forms, including formal examination, project, essay, oral presentation, interview, performance, experiment report or creation of a new work based on what has been learned during the teaching period (Rao and Banerjee, 2023).…”