Classifying Phenomena Part 2: Types and Levels

Gnoli, Claudio

doi:10.5771/0943-7444-2017-1-37

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Thus, levels theories such as Hartmann's and Popper's are relevant to LIS-KO in two ways: to assess the status of information and knowledge as objects of study, and to order all objects of study in knowledge organization systems (KOSs). The latter application has indeed been implemented in general classification schemes by the Classification Research Group (CRG), Dahlberg, Gnoli and others (Kleineberg, 2017, Section 3;Gnoli, 2017).…”

Section: The Methodological Contribution Of Levels Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mentefacts as a missing level in theory of information science

Gnoli

2018

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Purpose The current debate between two theoretical approaches in library and information science and knowledge organization (KO), the cognitive one and the sociological one, is addressed in view of their possible integration in a more general model. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Personal knowledge of individual users, as focused in the cognitive approach, and social production and use of knowledge, as focused in the sociological approach, are reconnected to the theory of levels of reality, particularly in the versions of Nicolai Hartmann and Karl R. Popper (three worlds). The notions of artefact and mentefact, as proposed in anthropological literature and applied in some KO systems, are also examined as further contributions to the generalized framework. Some criticisms to these models are reviewed and discussed. Findings Both the cognitive approach and the sociological approach, if taken in isolation, prove to be cases of philosophical monism as they emphasize a single level over the others. On the other hand, each of them can be considered as a component of a pluralist ontology and epistemology, where individual minds and social communities are but two successive levels in knowledge production and use, and are followed by a further level of “objectivated spirit”; this can in turn be analyzed into artefacts and mentefacts. While all these levels are relevant to information science, mentefacts and their properties are its most peculiar objects of study, which make it distinct from such other disciplines as psychology and sociology. Originality/value This analysis shows how existing approaches can benefit from additional notions contributed by levels theory, to develop more complete and accurate models of information and knowledge phenomena.

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Section: The Methodological Contribution Of Levels Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mentefacts as a missing level in theory of information science

Gnoli

2018

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“…Classification Research Group, 1969). The most important influence, though, has been Claudio Gnoli, who has pioneered the Integrative Levels Classification (ILC, 2004;Gnoli, 2016;2017a;2017b;. There are many similarities between the ILC and BCC: both take a faceted phenomenon-based and analytic-synthetic approach to classification.…”

Section: The Basic Concepts Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthetic approach to the classification of music. Review article

Szostak¹

2020

EPI

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This paper first reviews the advantages and disadvantages associated with both pre-coordination and post-coordination in classification. It then argues that we can have the advantages of both if we couple a post-coordinated (synthetic) approach to classification with a user interface that privileges the word order in search queries. Several other advantages of such an approach to classification and search are reviewed. It better captures the nature of a work (or object), addresses important issues with respect to social diversity, and facilitates user queries. It produces subject strings that resemble sentence fragments; this serves to clarify the meaning of terms within the subject string, and makes subject strings more comprehensible since humans typically think in sentences. These various benefits are then illustrated in the classification of works of music. It is shown that many important characteristics of works of music are best handled by such a system. These are generally poorly addressed, or not addressed at all, by existing approaches to the classification of music.

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“…self-awareness). The series of ILC main classes is thus one of increasing organization, from the most primitive mathematical and physical entities to the most evolved achievements of human cultures (Gnoli, 2017a;Kleineberg, 2017 The first edition (ILC1) was published in 2011 and included 7,052 classes and facets. A new edition (ILC2) has been published in 2019, which includes 10,851 classes and facets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Second Edition of the Integrative Levels Classification: Evolution of a KOS

Ziyoung

Gnoli

Morelli³

2020

Journal of Data and Information Science

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PurposeThis paper informs about the publication of the second edition of the Integrative Levels Classification (ILC2), a freely-faceted knowledge organization system (KOS), and reviews the main changes that have been introduced as compared to its first edition (ILC1).Design/methodology/approachThe most relevant changes are illustrated, with special reference to those of interest to general classification theory, by means of examples of notation for individual classes and combinations of them.FindingsChanges introduced in ILC2 include: the names and order of some main classes; the development of subclasses for various phenomena, especially quantities and algebraic structures; the order of facet categories and the new category of Disorder; notation for special facets; distinction of the semantical function of facets (attributes) from their syntactic function. The system can be freely accessed online through a PHP browser as well as in SKOS format.Research limitationsOnly a selection of changed classes is discussed for space reasons.Practical implicationsILC1 has been previously applied to the BARTOC directory of KOSs. Update of BARTOC data to ILC2 and application of ILC2 to further information systems are envisaged. Possible methods for reclassifying BARTOC with ILC2 are discussed.OriginalityILC is a newly developed classification system, based on phenomena instead of traditional disciplines and featuring various innovative devices. This paper is an original account of its most recent evolution.

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Classifying Phenomena Part 2: Types and Levels

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Mentefacts as a missing level in theory of information science

Mentefacts as a missing level in theory of information science

A synthetic approach to the classification of music. Review article

The Second Edition of the Integrative Levels Classification: Evolution of a KOS

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