Classifying fronts in data from a VHF wind-profiling radar

Lawson, John R.; Vaughan, G.; Schultz, David M.

doi:10.1002/asl.353

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Above 4.5 km: a complex evolution suggesting the approach of a meteorological front (e.g., Lawson et al, 2011). Multiple bands of descending radar echo layers from ∼ 08:00 LT below 8.0 km are followed by a descending cloud layer seen by the MPL from 12:30 LT below 8.0 km (top of Fig.…”

Section: General Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient M2 measured by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment 2015 campaign

et al. 2017

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Abstract. New comparisons between the square of the generalized potential refractive index gradient M 2 , estimated from the very high-frequency (VHF) Middle and Upper Atmosphere (MU) Radar, located at Shigaraki, Japan, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements are presented. These comparisons were performed at unprecedented temporal and range resolutions (1-4 min and ∼ 20 m, respectively) in the altitude range ∼ 1.27-4.5 km from simultaneous and nearly collocated measurements made during the ShUREX (Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment) 2015 campaign. Seven consecutive UAV flights made during daytime on 7 June 2015 were used for this purpose. The MU Radar was operated in range imaging mode for improving the range resolution at vertical incidence (typically a few tens of meters). The proportionality of the radar echo power to M 2 is reported for the first time at such high time and range resolutions for stratified conditions for which Fresnel scatter or a reflection mechanism is expected. In more complex features obtained for a range of turbulent layers generated by shear instabilities or associated with convective cloud cells, M 2 estimated from UAV data does not reproduce observed radar echo power profiles. Proposed interpretations of this discrepancy are presented.

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Section: General Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient M2 measured by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment 2015 campaign

et al. 2017

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“…3a,b). This multibanded structure often occurs during tropopause-fold passages (Lawson et al 2011) and may be understood by reference to an upwind radiosonde from Castor Bay at 0600 UTC, situated approximately 275 km north-northwest from the MST radar (Fig. 4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Five-Year Radar-Based Climatology of Tropopause Folds and Deep Convection over Wales, United Kingdom

Antonescu

Vaughan

Schultz

2013

Monthly Weather Review

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A five-year (2006-10) radar-based climatology of tropopause folds and convective storms was constructed for Wales, United Kingdom, to determine how deep, moist convection is modulated by tropopause folds. Based on the continuous, high-resolution data from a very high frequency (VHF) wind-profiling radar located at Capel Dewi, Wales, 183 tropopause folds were identified. Tropopause folds were most frequent in January with a secondary maximum in July. Based on data from the U.K. weather radar network, a climatology of 685 convective storms was developed. The occurrence of convective storms was relatively high year-round except for an abrupt minimum in February-April. Multicellular lines (43.5%) were the most common morphology with a maximum in October, followed by isolated cells (33.1%) with a maximum in May-September, and nonlinear clusters (23.4%) with a maximum in November-January. Convective storms were associated with 104 (56.8%) of the tropopause folds identified in this study, with the association strongest in December. Of the 55 tropopause folds observed on the eastern side of an upper-level trough, 37 (67.3%) were associated with convective storms, most commonly in the form of multicellular lines. Of the 128 tropopause folds observed on the western side of an upper-level trough, 42 (32.8%) were associated with convective storms, most commonly isolated cells. These results suggest that more organized storms tend to form in environments favorable for synoptic-scale ascent.

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“…We use the dataset of frontal passages developed in Lawson et al . (). These data were compiled by identifying all cold, warm, and occluded fronts that passed Capel Dewi in 2004 and 2005 on the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) surface analyses (Lawson et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the 47 profiles, 125 MST bands were identified following the methodology in Lawson et al . (): 56 associated with power only, 27 associated with shear only, and 42 associated with both. The band associated with the quasi‐horizontal tropopause was not considered in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple bands near fronts in VHF wind‐profiling radar and radiosonde data

Lawson

Schultz

Vaughan

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Science Letters

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Fronts passing over the Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere radar near Aberystwyth, Wales, UK, possessed multiple bands in returned power and vertical shear of the horizontal wind. Warm fronts tended to have more bands than cold fronts. Of 82 bands in power with an associated band in the radiosonde data, 45% were associated with a decrease in specific humidity and an increase in stability (drying stable bands) and 21% were associated with an increase in humidity and a decrease in stability (moistening unstable bands). The radar detects airstream boundaries near fronts, some of which are not part of the front.

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Classifying fronts in data from a VHF wind-profiling radar

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient <i>M</i><sup>2</sup> measured by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment 2015 campaign

Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient <i>M</i><sup>2</sup> measured by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment 2015 campaign

A Five-Year Radar-Based Climatology of Tropopause Folds and Deep Convection over Wales, United Kingdom

Multiple bands near fronts in VHF wind‐profiling radar and radiosonde data

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Classifying fronts in data from a VHF wind-profiling radar

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; measured by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment 2015 campaign

Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; measured by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment 2015 campaign

A Five-Year Radar-Based Climatology of Tropopause Folds and Deep Convection over Wales, United Kingdom

Multiple bands near fronts in VHF wind‐profiling radar and radiosonde data

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Product

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Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient <i>M</i><sup>2</sup> measured by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment 2015 campaign

Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient <i>M</i><sup>2</sup> measured by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment 2015 campaign