Classification tree model of the personal economic burden of dementia care by related factors of both people with dementia and caregivers in Japan: a cross-sectional online survey

Nakabe, Takayo; Sasaki, Noriko; Uematsu, Hironori; Kunisawa, Susumu; Wimo, Anders; Imanaka, Yuichi

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026733

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Vossius et al [ 49 ] was the only study providing longitudinal data with a 2year period and a 6 month interval. Except for Boström et al [ 50 ], Nakabe et al [ 51 , 52 ], and Hojman et al [ 53 ], all studies in Table 3 used MMSE or CDR to define the stage of dementia in the sample. Boström et al [ 50 ] had preselected participants with either dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) or Alzheimer disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Hojman et al (2017) Chile [ 53 ] Cross-sectional, economic evaluation Community-dwelling; median age range 61–80 (60.7); Mean ADL; 62.5 GLM regression, cost estimation 330 SS-IQCODE Lower socio-economic status was associated with higher costs due to informal care and, possibly, symptom severity. Nakabe et al (2019) Japan [ 51 ] Cross-sectional, online survey Community-dwelling; 81.8 (52.2); median care-need level: 2 χ 2 automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analysis 1383 Own estimation of care-need levels based on function Informal care costs were related to caregivers’ employment and cohabitation status rather to the situations of people with dementia. Out-of-pocket payments for long-term care services were related to care-need levels and family economic status.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Which factors increase informal care hours and societal costs among caregivers of people with dementia? A systematic review of Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD)

et al. 2021

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Background Nearly 19 million people across OECD countries are living with dementia, and millions of family caregivers are affected by the disease. The costs of informal care are estimated to represent 40–75% of the total dementia cost exceeding formal care time and medical costs. Objective To conduct a systematic review to evaluate the methodological quality and factors associated with high informal care hours per month that increase societal costs, and to identify what type of interventions may alleviate the entire burden of informal and formal caregiving. Methods The systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (15.12.2020). A search in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and web of science for observational studies, cost-effectiveness, and cost of illness (COI) analyses on resource utilization in dementia (RUD) was conducted on 1 December 2020. Our inclusion criteria included a requirement that studies had to use the original RUD, RUD-FOCA or RUD lite in terms of hours or days per month, and costs as primary or secondary outcome, OECD countries, within the last 20 years and a sample population comprising persons with dementia (PwD) ≥65 years and their caregivers. We followed the PRISMA, GRADE, PICO guidelines and Drummond criteria to assess the methodology and quality of the studies. Results Of 307 studies, 26 cross-sectional and 3 longitudinal cohort studies were included in the analyses. Two studies had a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. The methods and cost categories in each study varied widely. Disease severity, caregiver factors, and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) were associated with high informal care hours and societal cost. One RCT found no effect of a non-pharmacological intervention on informal care hours, yet another RCT found a cost-effective impact of an in-home respite care programme reducing informal care burden and costs. Conclusion The divergent use of the RUD components within included studies encourage more harmonized analyses. There are only two RCTs on RUD, one of which shows a significant treatment effect. Larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required in future RCTs with dedicated focus on cost-enhancing and resource intensive factors such as disease severity and BPSD. Novel interventions must diversify between caregiver and PwD groups. PROSPERO registration CRD42021226388.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which factors increase informal care hours and societal costs among caregivers of people with dementia? A systematic review of Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD)

et al. 2021

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“…Approximately 4.7 million people were living with dementia in Japan in 2015. This figure is projected to rapidly increase to 7 million people by 2025 33 . Recognising the pressing global concern about dementia, the G20 Health Ministers stressed the importance of developing national strategies to improve the quality of care and life of the patients with dementia as well those of their caregivers 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nationwide trend analysis in the incidence and mortality of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in Japan between 2005 and 2014

Nishimura

Harada

Koyama

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In the era of hyper-ageing, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) can become more prevalent as an important cause of dementia. This study aimed to evaluate the trends in crude and age-adjusted CJD-associated mortality and incidence rates in Japan using national vital statistics data on CJD-associated deaths among individuals aged over 50 years, as well as the government-funded nationwide CJD surveillance data (pertaining to the years 2005–2014) in Japan. The data were analysed using the Joinpoint Regression Program to estimate the long-term trends and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Overall, the AAPCs of age-adjusted CJD-associated mortality rates rose significantly over the study period (3.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–5.1%). The AAPC of the age-adjusted incidence rates also increased (overall 6.4%; 95% CI 4.7–8.1%). The CJD-associated increases in the mortality and incidence rates were especially prominent among adults over the age of 70 years. Given this trend in aging of population, the disease burden of CJD will continue to increase in severity. Our findings thus recommend that policymakers be aware of the importance of CJD and focus on preparing to address the increasing prevalence of dementia.

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“…The variables included in this model were based on the unadjusted results from the logistic regression model. To produce the ideal classi cation tree model, the CHAID method was set as the growing method [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between social capital and loneliness among older adults: A cross-sectional study in Anhui Province, China

Bai

Wang

Shao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: We aimed to examine the association between social capital and loneliness in Anhui Province, China. Methods: Data were collected from a cross-sectional study using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy. Data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, social capital, and loneliness in 1810 older adults (aged 60 years and older) were used for analysis. Binary logistic regression models and a classification and regression tree model were performed to assess the association of social capital and loneliness. Results: Our results indicated that social capital in terms of lower level of social participation (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.10-1.74), social connection (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.18-1.93), and reciprocity (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.13-1.90) were associated with higher odds of developing loneliness. We noted the interactive effect of different social capital dimensions on loneliness, suggesting that the risk for suffering loneliness was greatest in older people limited in functional ability, with less trust, less social connection, and less social participation. Conclusions: Our findings show that social capital is associated with loneliness in older adults. This implies that social capital, especially in terms of trust, social connection, and social participation may be significant for alleviating loneliness in later life.

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Classification tree model of the personal economic burden of dementia care by related factors of both people with dementia and caregivers in Japan: a cross-sectional online survey

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Which factors increase informal care hours and societal costs among caregivers of people with dementia? A systematic review of Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD)

Which factors increase informal care hours and societal costs among caregivers of people with dementia? A systematic review of Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD)

A nationwide trend analysis in the incidence and mortality of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in Japan between 2005 and 2014

Association between social capital and loneliness among older adults: A cross-sectional study in Anhui Province, China

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