Classification, Taxonomy and Gene Function of Geminiviruses and Their Satellites

Kumar, Ravinder

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18248-9_1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The Geminiviridae is a family of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses that infect agricultural crops in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide, and are responsible for billions of dollars in annual losses contributing to famine and loss of life (Legg and Fauquet, 2004;Scholthof et al, 2011). The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) currently recognizes nine genera within the family, classified according to genome organization, genome-wide pairwise sequence identities, insect vector, and host range (Zerbini et al, 2017;Kumar, 2019). The genus Begomovirus, with ∼320 species, is by far the largest and its members are the most widely studied (Zerbini et al, 2017;Kumar, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) currently recognizes nine genera within the family, classified according to genome organization, genome-wide pairwise sequence identities, insect vector, and host range (Zerbini et al, 2017;Kumar, 2019). The genus Begomovirus, with ∼320 species, is by far the largest and its members are the most widely studied (Zerbini et al, 2017;Kumar, 2019). By contrast, the genus Mastrevirus consists of ∼30 species, with the remaining genera (Becurtovirus, Capulavirus, Curtovirus, Eragrovirus, Grablovirus, Topocuvirus, and Turncurtovirus) having 1-4 species each (Zerbini et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manipulation of the Plant Host by the Geminivirus AC2/C2 Protein, a Central Player in the Infection Cycle

et al. 2020

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Geminiviruses are a significant group of emergent plant DNA viruses causing devastating diseases in food crops worldwide, including the Southern United States, Central America and the Caribbean. Crop failure due to geminivirus-related disease can be as high as 100%. Improved global transportation has enhanced the spread of geminiviruses and their vectors, supporting the emergence of new, more virulent recombinant strains. With limited coding capacity, geminiviruses encode multifunctional proteins, including the AC2/C2 gene that plays a central role in the viral replication-cycle through suppression of host defenses and transcriptional regulation of the late viral genes. The AC2/C2 proteins encoded by mono-and bipartite geminiviruses and the curtovirus C2 can be considered virulence factors, and are known to interact with both basal and inducible systems. This review highlights the role of AC2/C2 in affecting the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid (JA and SA) pathways, the ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS), and RNA silencing pathways. In addition to suppressing host defenses, AC2/C2 play a critical role in regulating expression of the coat protein during the viral life cycle. It is important that the timing of CP expression is regulated to ensure that ssDNA is converted to dsDNA early during an infection and is sequestered late in the infection. How AC2 interacts with host transcription factors to regulate CP expression is discussed along with how computational approaches can help identify critical host networks targeted by geminivirus AC2 proteins. Thus, the role of AC2/C2 in the viral life-cycle is to prevent the host from mounting an efficient defense response to geminivirus infection and to ensure maximal amplification and encapsidation of the viral genome.

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