Classification System of the Sagittal Integral Morphotype in Children from the ISQUIOS Programme (Spain)

Abstract

The sagittal spinal morphology presents 4 physiological curvatures that increase endurance to axial compression forces and allow adequate postural balance. These curves must remain within normal ranges to achieve a static and dynamic balance, a correct functioning of the muscles and an adequate distribution of the loads, and thus minimize the injury risk. The purpose of this study was to categorize the sagittal spinal alignment according to the different morphotypes obtained for each curve in standing, slump sitting, and trunk forward bending positions in schoolchildren. It was a cross-sectional study. Sagittal spinal curvatures were assessed in 731 students from 16 elementary schools. In the sagittal standing position assessment, 70.45% and 89.06% of schoolchildren presented a “normal” morphotype for both dorsal and lumbar curves, respectively. After the application of the “Sagittal Integral Morphotype” protocol according to the morphotypes obtained in the three positions assessment (standing, slump sitting, and trunk forward bending), it was observed how the frequency of normal morphotypes for the dorsal and lumbar curve decreased considerably (only 32% and 6.6% of children obtained a “normal sagittal integral morphotype” for the thoracic and lumbar curvatures, respectively). These results show how it is necessary to include the slump sitting and trunk forward bending assessment as part of the protocol to define the “integral” sagittal alignment of the spine and establish a correct diagnosis. The use of the diagnostic classification presented in this study will allow early detection of misalignment not identified with the assessment of standing position.

Sagittal Integral Morphotype of Female Classical Ballet Dancers and Predictors of Sciatica and Low Back Pain

“…Sagittal spine morphotype (thoracic and lumbar curvatures) were examined in the three most common positions (RS, SS, and TFB) following the methodology described by Santonja-Medina [ 17 ] ( Figure 1 ). The SIM was determined by combining the three positions.…”

“…However, the studies mentioned above did not evaluate and interpret spine curvatures according to the classification system of the sagittal integral morphotype (SIM). In this sense, Santonja-Medina et al [ 17 ] have published recently the reference values for the spine morphotype according to the classification system of the SIM. These authors combine measurements of the sagittal spine morphotype in the most common positions (standing, slump sitting, and trunk bending forward) that are adopted daily, in fitness and in sports activities.…”

“…These authors combine measurements of the sagittal spine morphotype in the most common positions (standing, slump sitting, and trunk bending forward) that are adopted daily, in fitness and in sports activities. The combination of these three spine morphotypes in the SIM allows an accurate detection of the sagittal spine misalignments, which facilitates the diagnosis of spine injuries [ 17 ]. Despite these advantages, this method has not yet been applied in dancers.…”

Valoración del riesgo de dolor de hombro en trabajadores de limpieza viaria y recogida de residuos. Proyecto PRE-REFILAB

“…Las curvaturas del plano sagital de la columna vertebral (dorsal y lumbar) se midieron en posición de bipedestación relajada, en posición de sedentación asténica y en posición de flexión del tronco desde bipedestación siguiendo el método definido por Santonja y colaboradores (Santonja-Medina et al, 2020). Se cuantificó el ROM de los principales movimientos del hombro (flexión, extensión, rotación interna, rotación externa, abducción horizontal y aducción horizontal) de la extremidad dominante y no dominante (Figura 2) en su máxima expresión pasiva usando la batería ROM-SPORT II (Cejudo et al, 2019).…”

Physical and psychological effects of postural educational intervention for students experienced school refusal

“…Children's posture is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as genetics, environment, physical activity, socioeconomic status, and psychological and physiological states that manifest the process of human growth and development (Chansirinukor et al, 2001;Widhe, 2001;Sheir-Neiss et al, 2003). Several studies show that inappropriate posture adopted by children at school and in daily life can lead to abnormalities in postural development (Chansirinukor et al, 2001, Mackenzie et al, 2003Penha et al, 2005;Santonja-Medina et al, 2020). Furthermore, movement associated with improper posture may damage the musculoskeletal system, limit activities in daily life, and generally reduce the quality of life (Griegel-Morris et al, 1992;Blondel et al, 2012;Diebo et al, 2015).…”