Classification of visuomotor tasks based on electroencephalographic data depends on age-related differences in brain activity patterns

Electroencephalography-Based Brain–Machine Interfaces in Older Adults: A Literature Review

“…Of these, none was removed before screening, as duplicates. After the identification and screening phase, 9 studies [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] were included and 53 were excluded (see flowchart, Figure 1 ). In particular, two studies on mild cognitive impairment were excluded, as wrong procedure (magnetic resonance imaging study) [ 16 ] and wrong age group [ 17 ].…”

“…In this review, we selected specific works from the recent literature discussing innovative methods to support older people. The selected studies on innovative BCI technologies analyzed different domains of intrinsic capacity in terms of cognition [ 7 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], vitality [ 7 ], sensory [ 8 , 9 , 11 ], and locomotor capacities [ 8 ] to identify possible aging changes and the potential effectiveness of CT to promote and maintain healthy aging. They document that age-related differences are important to design properly a BCI [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 14 , 15 ] or a NF for stroke patients [ 10 , 12 ].…”

“…However, all studies showed improvements in older subjects performing the training. Different protocols can be adopted: MI [ 7 , 10 , 12 ], motor control [ 8 ], tactile stimulation [ 9 , 11 ], or more complex mental activities [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

“…Goelz et al [ 8 ] investigated intrinsic-sensory and locomotor capacities. The authors analyzed the classification of fine motor movements in terms of age-related differences in functional brain activity.…”

“…In summary, the selected studies showed age-related differences as important features for the design of BCI technologies [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 13 ] or the effectiveness of NFT in improving brain plasticity and some neuropsychological functions [ 10 , 12 ]. In addition, CT [ 14 , 15 ] and tactile [ 11 ] training are important for BCI performance.…”