“…The most influential is by Axelsson et al (2010); they classified 116 attributes of sound into three dimensions, including pleasantness, eventfulness, and familiarity, then built a principal component model of soundscape perception. Later, researchers expanded the dimensions of soundscape perception to include joviality, annoyance, racket, calmness, excitement, and tedium (Aletta et al, 2016;Jin & Hong, 2015). Differently, Miller, Hallo, Sharp, Powell, and Lanham (2014) grouped soundscape into three categories, including biophony, geophony, and anthrophony; their findings also suggest that people (birders) have different preference toward soundscape.…”