Classification of the Mirror Hand-Multiple Hand Spectrum

Al-Qattan, M. M.; Althunayan, Abdulaziz; Cordier, M. De; Nandagopal, Nanda; Pitkänen, Joonas

doi:10.1016/s0266-7681(98)80140-x

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…to favour failure of differentiation as the primary event. [2][3][4] In our case, both ulnas had a broadened distal end, similar to that of a distal radius. To our knowledge, this is the first description of such a case in the literature, possibly due to the age of the patient at diagnosis, resulting in a protracted period for bony remodelling.…”

Section: Marsden Whitaker Boycesupporting

confidence: 59%

“…AlQattan produced a classification of the mirror hand-multiple hand spectrum (Table 1). 2 The exact genetic basis is unknown. However, the most commonly proposed event is impairment of the mechanism responsible for the organisation and differentiation of the limb bud, 3 not that of primary duplication, which was initially thought to be the case.…”

Section: Marsden Whitaker Boycementioning

confidence: 99%

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The oldest reported mirror hand? The curse of the coal-house frog!

Whitaker

2012

annals

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Despite being one of the rarest congenital upper limb abnormalities, a wide spectrum of the typical mirror hand has been described in the literature. We report a very interesting case of a new variant of mirror hand presenting in a 78-year-old man. The unique features of the case include the age at diagnosis, the anatomical features present and the acquired function despite no form of reconstructive surgery. KEywORdSLaurin-Sandrow Syndrome -Congenital Abnormalities -Polydactyly Mirror hand is one of the rarest congenital abnormalities affecting the upper limb, with around 70 cases reported in the literature. It is characterised by multiple digits, typically seven in total, with symmetry about the midline, absent thumb, excess carpal bones, absence of radius and duplication of the ulna (ulna dimelia). 1 We describe an unusual case of delayed diagnosis of mirror hand that presented to a hand unit when the patient was aged 78 years. Case historyA 78-year-old man was referred with a suspicious skin lesion on his left shoulder and at the time an abnormal left upper limb was noted. He was on dialysis for chronic renal failure, secondary to polycystic kidney disease. He was born via normal delivery to non-consanguineous parents with no family history of congenital defects. He had two fingers removed from his left hand at 6 months of age but no further investigation or reconstructive surgery had taken place. He was told by his mother that he was born with a hand like a frog as a consequence of a frog having jumped on to her abdomen during pregnancy while collecting coal from a coal-house! On examination, the patient had absence of the thumb with five fingers on his left hand. The most radial digit tended to partial opposition to the other four fingers, similar to the appearance after a pollicisation procedure (Fig 1). He had a range of movement of 15-70º at the wrist and 10-60º at the elbow. The forearm was held in pronation and the left arm was slightly shorter than the right (Fig 2). An arteriovenous fistula was present to facilitate haemodialysis.The patient had good function with both hands. He worked previously as a draftsman for a toy company and in his spare time he was keen on DIY. He had no need to hold a pen in his left hand as he was right hand dominant but holding a knife and fork or other household objects caused no problem. He drove a non-adapted manual car.Radiological evaluation revealed five triphalangeal digits with normal metacarpals and an absent thumb. The radius was absent and two ulna bones were present.

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Section: Marsden Whitaker Boycesupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Marsden Whitaker Boycementioning

confidence: 99%

The oldest reported mirror hand? The curse of the coal-house frog!

Whitaker

2012

annals

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“…The ulna and ulnar hand elements emerged more inferiorly from the thorax as a completely separate extremity with 2 effectively functioning fingers. This case differs from the upper or lower extremity duplication noted above, the multiple spectra of mirror hands classified by AlQattan et al, 7 phocomelia, and other severe congenital abnormalities. 8,9 In this case report, we report the clinical details of this child, describe our treatment designed to improve function and appearance, and evaluate a variety of possible explanations for this unusual clinical presentation.…”

contrasting

confidence: 56%

“…10,11 This presentation does not have a place in the spectrum of a variety of previously described upper extremity anomalies, such as isolated radial or ulnar longitudinal deficiency, mirror hand, or phocomelia. [7][8][9]11 Both radial and ulnar components of the hand were present, so the deformity does not likely represent a radial or ulnar longitudinal deficiency. Al-Qattan's type V mirror hand differs in that it includes complete duplication of the hands, including thumb and normal forearm bones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Child With Longitudinal Cleavage of the Upper Extremity: Treatment and Etiology Considerations

Shah

Manske

Goldfarb

2010

The Journal of Hand Surgery

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“…It is a rare and bizarre manifestation of duplication which is aesthetically unattractive and difficult to surgically reconstruct. The descriptive classification is based on the level of duplication 121 Type-IV radial polydactyly.…”

Section: Ulnar Dimelia (Mirror Hand)mentioning

confidence: 99%