Classification of the Core Modes of Hollow-Core Photonic-Bandgap Fibers

Aghaie, Kiarash Zamani; Fan, Shanhui; Dangui, Vinayak; Kino, G. S.; Digonnet, Michel J. F.

doi:10.1109/jqe.2009.2019767

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…LP 01 (HE 11x and HE 11y ), LP 11 (HE 21 odd and even, quasi-TE 01 and quasi-TM 01 ), and LP 21 (HE 11 odd and even, HE 31 odd and even) groups of modes. The calculated transverse electric fields of the three groups of modes are similar to that reported in [13]. The confinement loss (CL), which is strongly affected by the thickness (the number of air-hole rings) of air/silica cladding, increases significantly with the mode order (figure 3(b)).…”

Section: Core Modessupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In a HC-PBF, there are two possible types of guided modes associated with the hollow core: the air-core modes that have almost all of their energy residing in the air and the surface modes that have a considerable amount of their energy located around the core/cladding interface. The air-core modes in a HC-PBF have similar transverse electrical field profiles and may be labeled in a similar way as that of a standard step index fiber [12,13]. For the same air/silica cladding, the number of modes increases with the size of the air-core.…”

Section: Core Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sensing with hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers

Jin

Xuan

2010

Meas. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper examines the unique properties of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers and discusses potential sensing applications of such fibers. Guidance of light in air instead of silica reduces the effect of material on light propagation and is advantageous to applications such as fiber gyroscopes. An air-silica microstructure has novel mechanical and thermal properties and can be beneficial to applications such as acoustic pressure sensors. Holey cladding provides extra flexibility for geometry modification through post thermal treatment or selective filling of the air holes and can be exploited for developing novel devices such as in-line polarizers/polarimeters, modal interferometer, wavelength filters and sensors. The confinement of gas and liquid phase materials and optical guided modes simultaneously within the hollow core allows strong light/sample interaction over an extended length and may be useful for the development of highly sensitive gas and liquid sensors.

show abstract

Section: Core Modessupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Core Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing with hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers

Jin

Xuan

2010

Meas. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this Letter, we use a numerical model previously reported [5] to calculate the exact fields of the HC-1550-02 fiber's fundamental mode, and with them we compute the expected coupling loss between this fiber and an arbitrary step-index SMF. This analysis predicts that, when the SMF parameters are optimized (MFD ≈ 7:25 μm and V ¼ 2:405), the splice loss should be as low as ∼0:6 dB.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used our C++ finite-difference frequency-domain numerical code based on a hexagonal Yee's cell [5] for calculating the fundamental-mode fields of this PBF. We modeled the cladding holes as hexagons with a width d ¼ 0:97Λ, where Λ ¼ 3:8 μm is the period of photonic crystal; each corner of the hexagon was rounded with a circle of diameter d c ¼ 0:6d.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the splice loss between photonic-bandgap fibers and conventional single-mode fibers

2010

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To understand the loss limitations of a splice between a hollow-core fiber and a conventional fiber, we use a numerical model to calculate the expected coupling loss between the NKT Photonics' HC-1550-02 fiber and a single-mode fiber (SMF) of arbitrary step-index profile. When the SMF parameters are optimized, the splice loss is predicted to be as low as~0.6 dB. This minimum is believed to be largely due to mode-shape mismatch. These predictions are confirmed experimentally by optimizing the splice loss between this photonic-bandgap fiber and five SMFs with different mode-field diameters (MFDs) and V numbers. With the SMF-28 fiber, the measured loss is 1:3 dB, in excellent agreement with theory. Using a SMF with parameters close to the optimum values (MFD ¼ 7:2 μm and V ¼ 2:16), this loss was reduced to a new record value of 0:79 dB. . A lower splice loss of 1 dB has also been demonstrated by applying longitudinal pressure to these two fibers prior to applying the arc [4]. In contrast, a simple overlap calculation using a Gaussian mode approximation based on the mode-field diameter of the two fibers (∼7:5 and ∼10:4 μm, respectively) predicts that the buttcoupling loss should be 0:46 dB [3]. Although this 0.5 to 1 dB difference has been tentatively explained by differences in the mode shapes, there is still a need to conduct thorough simulations to explain this measured loss. It is also important to explore the possibility of achieving a lower splice loss by selecting a solid-core fiber with a mode-field diameter (MFD) better matched to that of the hollow-core fiber.In this Letter, we use a numerical model previously reported [5] to calculate the exact fields of the HC-1550-02 fiber's fundamental mode, and with them we compute the expected coupling loss between this fiber and an arbitrary step-index SMF. This analysis predicts that, when the SMF parameters are optimized (MFD ≈ 7:25 μm and V ¼ 2:405), the splice loss should be as low as ∼0:6 dB. We confirm these predictions by optimizing the splice loss between this PBF and five SMFs with different MFDs and V numbers. With the SMF-28 fiber, we measured a loss of 1:3 dB, in good agreement with theory. Using a SMF with parameters close to the optimum values (MFD ¼ 7:2 μm and V ¼ 2:16), we reduced the splice loss to 0:79 dB. This is the lowest value reported to date for a splice between a hollow-core and a solid-core fiber using an arc splicer.The field transmission (t) and reflection (r) coefficients at a butt-coupled junction between a SMF and a PBF can be described in terms of the normalized vector electric and magnetic fields E i and H i of the HE 11 mode of the SMF, and the corresponding fields E t and H t of the PBF's fundamental mode. These modes are normalized to carry 1 W power, orwhere A is the cross-sectional area of the fiber. A similar expression applies for the SMF mode. Neglecting coupling into higher-order modes of the PBF, the continuity of the transverse fields at the interface between the fibers imposeswhere the subscript T represents the transvers...

show abstract

“…In fact, profile variations yield modes that, to a large extent, find equivalence (and strict similarity) with modes in SIF, as long as the waveguide symmetry is cylindrical [4]. Even when the refractive index profile is very elaborate, the corresponding modes can often be approximated as those of SIFs [5]. Therefore, SIFs are a valid reference for mode analysis, classification, and notation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bowtie Effect in Cylindrical Waveguides

Astorino

Lægsgaard

Rottwitt

2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

 Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.  You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain  You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

show abstract

Classification of the Core Modes of Hollow-Core Photonic-Bandgap Fibers

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Sensing with hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers

Sensing with hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers

Optimization of the splice loss between photonic-bandgap fibers and conventional single-mode fibers

The Bowtie Effect in Cylindrical Waveguides

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About