Classification of temporal profiles of F4+<i>E. coli</i>shedding and faecal dry matter in experimental post-weaning diarrhoea of pigs

Geenen, P.L.; Meulen, Jan van der; Bouma, A.; Engel, B.; Heesterbeek, J.A.P.; Jong, M.C.M. de

doi:10.1017/s0950268806007588

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Because of animal welfare considerations and strict end points to be observed, our aim was to make the pigs moderately ill to allow evaluation of the potential protective effects of various therapies. Furthermore, the presence or absence of K88 receptor (not determined in the current study) in the pig intestine has been associated with variability in ETEG colonization in the gut (Geenen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Weaned pig responses to Escherichia coli K88 oral challenge when receiving a lysozyme supplement1,2

Nyachoti

Kiarie²,

Bhandari

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

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Lysozyme is a low-molecular-weight protein with antimicrobial properties. An experiment was conducted to investigate the response of piglets receiving a water-soluble lysozyme supplement [Entegard (EG), Neova Technologies Inc., Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada; 4,000 lysozyme units/mg] after oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). A total of 36 individually housed weanling pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of the 4 treatments, with 9 replicates per treatment. Treatments were a control (CONT, no additive), antibiotic (AB; 2.5 g/kg of feed of antibiotic with chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and penicillin), and EG delivered in the drinking water at concentrations of 0.1% (EG1) and 0.2% (EG2). All pigs received a basal diet similar in composition and nutrients, except for pigs receiving the AB diet, which had an added antibiotic. Pigs were acclimated to treatments for a 7-d period to monitor growth performance. On d 8, blood samples were collected from each pig to obtain serum, and each pig was gavaged with 6 mL (2 × 10(9) cfu/mL) of ETEC solution. Pigs were monitored for another 7 d to assess incidences of diarrhea and growth performance, and then all pigs were killed to obtain intestinal tissue and digesta samples. Treatments did not influence growth performance throughout the study. Greater ETEC counts were observed in the ileal mucosal scrapings (P = 0.001) and colonic digesta (P = 0.025) of pigs in the CONT group compared with pigs in the AB and EG1 groups. Pigs receiving AB and EG1 had greater (P < 0.05) small intestinal weights and ileal villus heights than pigs receiving CONT; however, the ileal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was greater in pigs fed the AB diet (1.69) compared with those fed the CONT diet (1.34), whereas pigs receiving EG1 were intermediate. Pigs in the EG1 group showed greater (P < 0.001) serum tumor necrosis factor α and IL-6 concentrations before ETEC challenge; however, at 7 d postchallenge, pigs receiving EG2 showed the least (P < 0.05) circulating tumor necrosis factor α and IL-6 concentrations. Overall, better intestinal growth and development, as well as decreased ETEC counts on the intestinal mucosa and serum proinflammatory cytokines, suggest that EG can maintain gut health and function in piglets commensurate with antibiotics. However, it is noteworthy that at the largest dose tested, EG seemed to have a dramatic effect on proinflammatory cytokines but had a minimal or no effect on the other response criteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Weaned pig responses to Escherichia coli K88 oral challenge when receiving a lysozyme supplement1,2

Nyachoti

Kiarie²,

Bhandari

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

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“…For the factor sensitivity of the intestinal villus to ETEC adhesion, we divided the pigs of each of the two challenged groups into two different subgroups: positive or negative based on the results of the in vitro adhesion test, as suggested by Geenen et al (2007). We observed that the ETEC susceptibility factor was not statistically significant; therefore, we decided not to use this parameter in the final statistical analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary addition of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG impairs the health of Escherichia coli F4-challenged piglets

Trevisi

Casini

Coloretti

et al. 2011

Animal

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a probiotic for humans and is normally not found in pigs; however, it has been shown to protect the human-derived intestinal Caco-2 cells against the damage induced by an important intestinal pathogen, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 (ETEC). An experiment was conducted to test whether the dietary addition of LGG improves the growth and health of weaned pigs when orally challenged by E. coli F4. Thirty-six pigs were weaned at 21 days and assigned to a standard weaning diet with or without 10 10 CFU LGG (ATCC 53103) per day. The pigs, individually penned, were orally challenged with 1.5 ml of a 10 10 CFU E. coli F4 suspension on day 7 and slaughtered on day 12 or 14. With the addition of LGG, the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake were reduced after the challenge with ETEC and for the entire trial ( P , 0.05). The average faecal score tended to worsen from day 11 to the end of the trial and the concentration of ETEC in the faeces tended to increase ( P 5 0.07) with the LGG supplementation. The counts of lactic acid bacteria, enterobacteria and yeasts in the colonic digesta were not affected. The pH values in ileal, colonic and caecal digesta, and the small intestine size were also unchanged. Regardless of the site of measurement (duodenum, jejunum or ileum), a trend of decreased villus height was seen with LGG ( P 5 0.10). Crypt depth and villus to crypt ratio were unchanged by the diet. A gradual increase of total seric IgA was seen after 1 week and after the challenge, in the control ( P , 0.05), but not in the treated group. After the challenge, the LGG reduced the total IgA in the blood serum ( P , 0.05), v. the control. The total IgA in the saliva and in the jejunum secretion were not affected by the diet. The F4-specific IgA activity was not affected by the diet at all the samplings. Our result shows that, the administration of LGG do not prevent or reduce the detrimental effect of the E. coli F4 infection on the growth performance and health status of weaned piglet.

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“…In ETEC-challenged pigs, the susceptibility could also indicate possible interactions between the diet and the phenotype. In fact, susceptible pigs in general show slower growth, greater specific immune response against the enteropathogen and greater fecal ETEC excretion, prolonged diarrhea, and often, shortened intestinal villi, as compared with nonsusceptible pigs (Bosi et al, 2004a,b;Geenen et al, 2007). The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of the Trp addition to a diet containing presumably adequate supply of Trp on growth performance and health of newly weaned pigs that differed in the phenotype for susceptibility to ETEC intestinal adhesion and are orally challenged with ETEC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tryptophan-enriched diet improves feed intake and growth performance of susceptible weanling pigs orally challenged with Escherichia coli K881

Trevisi

Melchior²,

Mazzoni

et al. 2009

Journal of Animal Science

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We tested the effect of Trp addition to a standard weaning diet and oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC) on growth and health of piglets susceptible or nonsusceptible to the intestinal adhesion of ETEC. Sixty-four pigs weaned at 21 d of age were divided into 3 groups based on their ancestry and BW: a control group of 8 pigs fed a basal diet (B), the first challenged group of 28 pigs fed B diet (BCh), and the second challenged group of 28 pigs fed a diet with Trp (TrpCh). The Trp diet was produced by the addition of 1 g of l-Trp/kg to the basal diet. On d 5, pigs were orally challenged with 1.5 mL suspension containing 10(10) cfu ETEC/mL or placebo, and killed on d 9 or 23. Based on in vitro villus adhesion assay, the pigs (except the B group) were classified as susceptible (s(+)) or nonsusceptible (s(-)) to the intestinal ETEC adhesion. Thus, after the challenge, treatments were B, BChs(-), BChs(+), TrpChs(-), and TrpChs(+). Pigs susceptible to ETEC were 50.0% in the BChs(+) group (3 pigs lost included) and 46.4% in the TrpChs (+) group (1 pig lost included). During the first 4 d after challenge, the challenge reduced ADG (P< 0.05), and this reduction was greater in susceptible pigs (P < 0.05) than nonsusceptible ones. Tryptophan increased ADG and feed intake in susceptible pigs (P < 0.05) from challenge to d 4, but not thereafter. Tryptophan supplementation did not improve the fecal consistency and did not reduce the number of pigs positive for ETEC in feces on d 4 after the challenge. The K88-specific immunoglobulin A activity in blood serum tended to be greater in challenged pigs (P = 0.102) and was not affected by the addition of Trp. Villous height was affected by the addition of Trp and challenge in different ways, depending on the site of small intestine. The need to consider the phenotype for the adhesion of the ETEC in studies with different supply of Trp was clearly evident. When compared with practical weaning standard diets, Trp supplementation allowed susceptible pigs to partially compensate for the effects of ETEC challenge by increasing feed intake and maintaining an adequate BW growth. This is of practical importance for the formulation of diets for pigs selected for lean growth because of the presence of an association between this trait and the susceptibility to the intestinal adhesion of ETEC.

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Classification of temporal profiles of F4+E. colishedding and faecal dry matter in experimental post-weaning diarrhoea of pigs

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Weaned pig responses to Escherichia coli K88 oral challenge when receiving a lysozyme supplement1,2

Weaned pig responses to Escherichia coli K88 oral challenge when receiving a lysozyme supplement1,2

Dietary addition of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG impairs the health of Escherichia coli F4-challenged piglets

A tryptophan-enriched diet improves feed intake and growth performance of susceptible weanling pigs orally challenged with Escherichia coli K881

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