Abstract:This study investigated the intensity and spatial distribution of precipitation anomalies in Rio Grande do Sul state (RS) during the 20th century by analyzing the influence of El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in its three phases. Reanalyzes from the University of Delaware (V5) were used. Precipitation anomalies were divided into three zones (Campaign, Plateau, Coast) to investigate possible differences in precipitation under ENSO influence. Alexandersson's Standard Normal Homogeneity Test was applied to v… Show more
“…For instance, Saraiva et al [2] recently discussed, in the form of a review in an initial section of their study, the water footprint of wine production for some Mediterranean countries, highlighting the issue of water scarcity in the region. With respect to the Brazilian case, even considering that we are dealing with a tropical region, the Rio Grande do Sul state is subject to irregular rainfall events [61]. In this sense, a correct understanding of the main variables that are capable of affecting the evapotranspiration and, by consequence, the water footprint, is a fundamental tool both from an environmental point of view and when making decisions to set up a vineyard.…”
Water footprints have been widely used to illustrate the consumption of water in many situations, for instance, in products, processes, or regions of interest. In this work, we analyzed—using a sensitivity analysis approach—the effect of some variables in the calculation of the water footprint in the viticulture in the Brazilian Serra Gaúcha (the major producing region of Brazilian wine). The classical Penman–Monteith model for evapotransporation was considered, with uncertainties in some parameters (dead mulch covering a fraction of the vineyard, maximum temperatures for some months, the altitudes and latitudes of the site). A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the SAFE toolbox under Octave framework. The results indicated that the the portion of the water footprint corresponding to evapotranspiration is more sensitive to the values of the mulch-covered fraction and the altitude of the site in comparison with the latitude and the maximum temperatures.
“…For instance, Saraiva et al [2] recently discussed, in the form of a review in an initial section of their study, the water footprint of wine production for some Mediterranean countries, highlighting the issue of water scarcity in the region. With respect to the Brazilian case, even considering that we are dealing with a tropical region, the Rio Grande do Sul state is subject to irregular rainfall events [61]. In this sense, a correct understanding of the main variables that are capable of affecting the evapotranspiration and, by consequence, the water footprint, is a fundamental tool both from an environmental point of view and when making decisions to set up a vineyard.…”
Water footprints have been widely used to illustrate the consumption of water in many situations, for instance, in products, processes, or regions of interest. In this work, we analyzed—using a sensitivity analysis approach—the effect of some variables in the calculation of the water footprint in the viticulture in the Brazilian Serra Gaúcha (the major producing region of Brazilian wine). The classical Penman–Monteith model for evapotransporation was considered, with uncertainties in some parameters (dead mulch covering a fraction of the vineyard, maximum temperatures for some months, the altitudes and latitudes of the site). A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the SAFE toolbox under Octave framework. The results indicated that the the portion of the water footprint corresponding to evapotranspiration is more sensitive to the values of the mulch-covered fraction and the altitude of the site in comparison with the latitude and the maximum temperatures.
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