Classification of odontocete buzz clicks using a multi-hypothesis tracker

Gerard, Odile; Carthel, Craig; Coraluppi, Stefano

doi:10.1109/oceanse.2009.5278306

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Previous methods of detection and separation of odontocete click trains have been based on acoustic descriptors of clicks, such as the amplitude [5], the centroid and peak frequencies [8,9], the temporal properties [10,5], high order statistics of the waveform [6,11]. These methods use either only one or several of these descriptors and range from a simple correlation technics to advanced artificial neural network [12] or multi-hypothesis trackers [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhythmic analysis for click train detection and source separation with examples on beluga whales

et al. 2015

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International audiencePassive acoustic monitoring systems are used to study cetaceans through the sounds they produce. Among them, toothed whales emit sequences of acoustic impulses having a rhythmic pattern. As they generally live in pods, click trains from several individuals are often interleaved and recorded together with additional natural or anthropogenic impulsive sources. This paper presents an algorithm that uses the rhythmic properties of odontocete click trains for detecting rhythmic impulse trains embedded in other impulse sounds and de-interleaving click trains from simultaneous clicking odontocetes. The contributions of the article are: (1) a method to detect the presence/absence of rhythmic click trains and to characterize the time – Inter Click Interval (ICI) pattern of click trains; (2) an analytical analysis of the performances of this method (jitter, length of click trains); (3) the demonstration of its efficiency on real data with wild beluga whales recorded in Canada

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhythmic analysis for click train detection and source separation with examples on beluga whales

et al. 2015

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“…First, click trains are produced with a PRI that remains nearly constant over several consecutive clicks and second, clicks present spectral properties that remain nearly constant over several consecutive clicks (Gerard et al, 2009;Gerard et al, 2007). However, for clicks received at ocean observatories, these properties are degraded: (1) Echolocation clicks are highly directional; therefore the click intensity and spectrum received at a sensor is subject to significant fluctuations due to changes in orientation of the animal.…”

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confidence: 99%

Extraction of pulse repetition intervals from sperm whale click trains for ocean acoustic data mining

Zaugg

Schaar

Houégnigan

et al. 2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The analysis of acoustic data from the ocean is a valuable tool to study free ranging cetaceans and anthropogenic noise. Due to the typically large volume of acquired data, there is a demand for automated analysis techniques. Many cetaceans produce acoustic pulses (echolocation clicks) with a pulse repetition interval (PRI) remaining nearly constant over several pulses. Analyzing these pulse trains is challenging because they are often interleaved. This article presents an algorithm that estimates a pulse's PRI with respect to neighboring pulses. It includes a deinterleaving step that operates via a spectral dissimilarity metric. The sperm whale (SW) produces trains with PRIs between 0.5 and 2 s. As a validation, the algorithm was used for the PRI-based identification of SW click trains with data from the NEMO-ONDE observatory that contained other pulsed sounds, mainly from ship propellers. Separation of files containing SW clicks with a medium and high signal to noise ratio from files containing other pulsed sounds gave an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.96. This study demonstrates that PRI can be used for the automated identification of SW clicks and that deinterleaving via spectral dissimilarity contributes to algorithm performance.

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“…Previous methods computed ICIs by searching for a periodic pattern within similar clicks using one or several acoustic click descriptors. These methods range from simple correlation techniques (Bahl et al, 2002;Lepper et al, 2005;Starkhammar et al, 2011) to advanced methods such as artificial neural networks (Houser et al, 1999;Ioup et al, 2007), statistic clustering (Baggenstoss, 2011;Gervaise et al, 2010), and multi-hypothesis trackers (Gérard et al, 2008(Gérard et al, , 2009. Most of them are not adequate to quickly and reliably determine ICIs from long-term data and need relatively invariable parameters and/or a-priori training to match the rhythmic pattern.…”

Section: Click Train Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement of methods for passive acoustic monitoring : a framework for the study of deep-diving cetacean

Berga¹

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Marine mammals face numerous anthropogenic threats, including fisheries interactions, ocean noise, ship strikes, and marine debris. Monitoring the negative impact on marine mammals through the assessment of population trends requires information about population size, spatiotemporal distribution, population structure, and animal behavior. Passive acoustic monitoring has become a viable method for gathering long-term data on highly mobile and notoriously cryptic marine mammals. However, passive acoustic monitoring still faces major challenges requiring further development of robust analysis tools, especially as it becomes increasingly used in applied conservation for long-term and large-scale studies of endangered or data deficient species such as sperm or beaked whales. Further challenges lie in the translation of animal presence into quantitative population density estimates since methods must control for variation in acoustic detectability of the target species, environmental factors, and for species-specific vocalization rates. The main contribution of this thesis is the advancement of the framework for long-term quantitative monitoring of cetacean species, applied to deep-divers like sperm and beaked whales. Fully-automated methods were developed and implemented to different populations of beaked whales in different conditions. This provided insight into generalization capabilities of these automatic techniques and best practices. However, implementing these tool kits is not always practical, and alternative methods for additional data processing were developed to expeditiously serve multiple purposes including annotation of individual sounds, evaluation of data in order to provide a highly dynamic technique, and classification for quantitative monitoring studies. This work also presents the longest time series of sperm whale presence using passive acoustic monitoring for over seven years in the Gulf of Mexico. Echolocation clicks were detected and discriminated from other sounds to understand the spatiotemporal distribution and structure of the population. A series of steps were implemented to provide adequate parameters and characteristics of the target population for density estimation using an echolocation click-based method. This allowed for the study of the Gulf of Mexico’s sperm whale population, providing significant progress towards the understanding of the population structure, distribution, and trends, in addition to potential long-term impacts of the well-known catastrophic Deepwater Horizon oil spill and other anthropogenic activities. The emergence of innovative approaches for detecting the presence of marine mammals and documenting human interactions can provide insight into ecosystem change. These species can be used as sentinels of ocean health to ensure the conservation of their marine environment into the next epoch. Els mamífers marins s'enfronten a nombroses amenaces antropogèniques, incloses les interaccions pesqueres, la contaminació acústica als oceans, les coalicions amb vaixells i els residus marins. El seguiment de l'impacte d’aquestes amenaces en els mamífers marins mitjançant l'avaluació de les tendències poblacionals requereix informació sobre la mida i l’estructura poblacional, la distribució espaciotemporal i el comportament dels animals. El seguiment amb sistemes d’acústica passiva s'ha convertit en un mètode viable per recollir dades a llarg termini de mamífers marins altament mòbils i críptics. Tanmateix, el seguiment acústic passiu encara ha d’afrontar reptes importants en el desenvolupament d'eines d'anàlisi robustes, especialment de cara al recent increment en el seu ús en la conservació aplicada a seguiments a llarg termini i a gran escala d'espècies en perill d'extinció o amb dades insuficients com ara el catxalot o els zífids. Altres reptes són traduir la presència d’animals a estimacions quantitatives de densitat poblacional, degut a que els mètodes han de controlar la variabilitat en la detecció acústica de les espècies en qüestió, els factors ambientals i les freqüències de vocalització específiques de cada espècie. La principal contribució d'aquesta tesi és l'avanç en els mètodes de seguiment quantitatiu a llarg termini de les espècies de cetacis, aplicat a espècies que viuen a grans profunditats com el catxalot i els zífids. Durant aquesta tesi, s’han desenvolupat i aplicat mètodes totalment automatitzats per detectar zífids de diferents poblacions i en diferents condicions. Aquests mètodes han proporcionat informació sobre la capacitat de generalització d'aquestes tècniques automàtiques i han permès fer recomanacions de bones pràctiques. Tanmateix, degut a que la implementació d’aquestes eines no és sempre pràctic, s’han desenvolupat mètodes per al processament de dades de forma expeditiva, que tenen diversos propòsits, que inclouen l’anotació de sons individuals, l’avaluació de dades per proporcionar una tècnica més dinàmica i la classificació per a estudis de seguiment quantitatiu. Aquest treball també presenta la sèrie temporal més llarga documentada de la presència de catxalots obtinguda mitjançant tècniques de seguiment acústic passiu durant més de set anys al Golf de Mèxic. S’han detectat i discriminat les senyals d'ecolocalització d'altres sons per tal de comprendre la distribució i l'estructura espaciotemporal d’aquesta població de catxalots. S’han implementat una sèrie de passos per proporcionar paràmetres i característiques de la població amb l’objectiu d'estimar la densitat mitjançant un mètode basat en senyals d’ecolocalització. Aquesta implementació ha permès l'estudi de la població de catxalots del Golf de Mèxic i ha suposat un progrés significatiu per la comprensió de l'estructura, la distribució i les tendències poblacionals, així com dels potencials impactes a llarg termini del catastròfic vessament de petroli de la plataforma Deepwater Horizon i altres activitats antropogèniques.

show abstract

Classification of odontocete buzz clicks using a multi-hypothesis tracker

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Rhythmic analysis for click train detection and source separation with examples on beluga whales

Rhythmic analysis for click train detection and source separation with examples on beluga whales

Extraction of pulse repetition intervals from sperm whale click trains for ocean acoustic data mining

Advancement of methods for passive acoustic monitoring : a framework for the study of deep-diving cetacean

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