Classification of Nonhuman Primates

Voevodin, Alexander; Marx, Preston A.

doi:10.1002/9780813809793.ch1

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…NHPs are divided into two groups: parvorder Platyrrhini (broad and flat-nosed) and parvorder Catarrhini (downward-nosed) [70]. The name of the New World monkey is derived from the fact that all Platyrrhinis live in South America and the name of the Old World monkeys refers to all African and Asian NHP [70]. The New World and Old World monkeys are estimated to have split between 33 to 77 million years ago [71].…”

Section: Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The New World and Old World monkeys are estimated to have split between 33 to 77 million years ago [71]. All the Old World monkeys belong to the Cercopithecidae family, and the family is divided into two subfamilies of Colobines and Cercopithecines [70][71][72]. New World monkeys consist of five families: Atelidae, Aotidae, Callithrichidae, Cebidae, and Pitheciidae [73].…”

Section: Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), also known as long-tailed or crab-eating macaques, belong to subfamilies of Cercopithecinae and are the NHPs that are commonly used as DENV infection models in vaccine trials [70]. Cynomolgus macaques are native to the Southeast Asian mainland (Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Malaysian Peninsula), Sundaland (the islands of Borneo, Sumatra and Java, and the adjacent islands), and the Philippines [70,74]. Cynomolgus macaques reach sexual maturity at the age of 4 years in females and 6 years in males, and have a life-span ranging from 25 to 30 years [75,76].…”

Section: Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Human Primate Models of Dengue Virus Infection: A Comparison of Viremia Levels and Antibody Responses during Primary and Secondary Infection among Old World and New World Monkeys

et al. 2020

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Due to the global burden of dengue disease, a vaccine is urgently needed. One of the key points in vaccine development is the development of a robust and reliable animal model of dengue virus infection. Characteristics including the ability to sustain viral replication, demonstration of clinical signs, and immune response that resemble those of human dengue virus infection are vital in animal models. Preclinical studies in vaccine development usually include parameters such as safety evaluation, induction of viremia and antigenemia, immunogenicity, and vaccine effectiveness. Although mice have been used as a model, non-human primates have an advantage over mice because of their relative similarity to humans in their genetic composition and immune responses. This review compares the viremia kinetics and antibody responses of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fasicularis), common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), and tamarins (Saguinus midas and Saguinus labitus) and summarize the perspectives and the usefulness along with challenges in dengue vaccine development.

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Section: Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Human Primate Models of Dengue Virus Infection: A Comparison of Viremia Levels and Antibody Responses during Primary and Secondary Infection among Old World and New World Monkeys

et al. 2020

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DNA Polymerase Sequences of New World Monkey Cytomegaloviruses: Another Molecular Marker with Which To Infer Platyrrhini Systematics

James

Donato

Pouliquen

et al. 2018

J Virol

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Over the past few decades, a large number of studies have identified herpesvirus sequences from many mammalian species around the world. Among the different nonhuman primate species tested so far for cytomegaloviruses (CMVs), only a few were from the New World. Seeking to identify CMV homologues in New World monkeys (NWMs), we carried out molecular screening of 244 blood DNA samples from 20 NWM species from Central and South America. Our aim was to reach a better understanding of their evolutionary processes within the Platyrrhini parvorder. Using PCR amplification with degenerate consensus primers targeting highly conserved amino acid motifs encoded by the herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene, we characterized novel viral sequences from 12 species belonging to seven genera representative of the three NWM families. BLAST searches, pairwise nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons, and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that they all belonged to the genus. Previously determined host taxa allowed us to demonstrate a good correlation between the distinct monophyletic clades of viruses and those of the infected primates at the genus level. In addition, the evolutionary branching points that separate NWM CMVs were congruent with the divergence dates of their hosts at the genus level. These results significantly expand our knowledge of the host range of this viral genus and strongly support the occurrence of cospeciation between these viruses and their hosts. In this respect, we propose that NWM CMV DNA polymerase gene sequences may serve as reliable molecular markers with which to infer Platyrrhini phylogenetics. Investigating evolutionary processes between viruses and nonhuman primates has led to the discovery of a large number of herpesviruses. No study published so far on primate cytomegaloviruses has extensively studied New World monkeys (NWMs) at the subspecies, species, genus, and family levels. The present study sought to identify cytomegalovirus homologues in NWMs and to decipher their evolutionary relationships. This led us to characterize novel viruses from 12 of the 20 primate species tested, which are representative of the three NWM families. The identification of distinct viruses in these primates not only significantly expands our knowledge of the host range of this viral genus but also sheds light on its evolutionary history. Phylogenetic analyses and molecular dating of the sequences obtained support a virus-host coevolution.

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Classification of Nonhuman Primates

Cited by 2 publications

References 43 publications

Non-Human Primate Models of Dengue Virus Infection: A Comparison of Viremia Levels and Antibody Responses during Primary and Secondary Infection among Old World and New World Monkeys

Non-Human Primate Models of Dengue Virus Infection: A Comparison of Viremia Levels and Antibody Responses during Primary and Secondary Infection among Old World and New World Monkeys

DNA Polymerase Sequences of New World Monkey Cytomegaloviruses: Another Molecular Marker with Which To Infer Platyrrhini Systematics

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