Classification of lower extremity venous malformations and risk of knee involvement: A retrospective cohort study

Jones, Krystal M.; Corey, Kristen; Garza-Mayers, Anna Cristina; Spencer, Samantha A.; Mulliken, John B.; Chewning, Rush H.; Liang, Marilyn G.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.12.054

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…VMs tend to be in contiguous muscle groups, perhaps because they evolved during embryonic development along neurovascular pathways. 8,9 The focal VMs we studied are the same as their results, but more common in the extremities, 28 (62%) lesions in muscle. The partial lesions of five multifocal VMs are in contiguous muscle groups; other remaining lesions are distant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…VMs tend to be in contiguous muscle groups, perhaps because they evolved during embryonic development along neurovascular pathways. 8,9 The focal VMs we studied are the same as their results, but more common in the extremities, 28 (62%) 6 As the dysmorphological features of VMs predispose to stagnant blood flow, these lesions can spontaneously thrombose and thus present with swelling and pain. BRBN is a rare, sporadically occurring disorder characterized by multiple widely distributed cutaneous and internal VMs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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The risk of muscle involvement in focal venous malformations in children

Zhou,

Guo,

Wang

et al. 2023

Phlebology

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Background Venous malformations (VMs) are the most common vascular malformations, which can be classified as focal, multifocal, or diffuse types. But the risk of focal venous malformations with muscle involvement is not well defined. Methods This is a single-center, retrospective review of patients treated for focal VMs between February 2021 and February 2022. Results We assessed 26 patients focal VMs with 47 lesions; 18 (69%) were unifocal, 3 (12%) were dual-focal, and 5 (19%) were multifocal type VMs, and 29 (62%) were intramuscular VMs. The lower limbs intramuscular VMs had a significantly elevated risk of focal VMs (relative risk [RR],1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.148–2.394). Conclusion Intramuscular involvement of the body should be considered in focal VMs. The lower limbs intramuscular VMs had a significantly elevated risk of focal VMs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…VMs tend to be in contiguous muscle groups, perhaps because they evolved during embryonic development along neurovascular pathways. 8,9 The focal VMs we studied are the same as their results, but more common in the extremities, 28 (62%) 6 As the dysmorphological features of VMs predispose to stagnant blood flow, these lesions can spontaneously thrombose and thus present with swelling and pain. BRBN is a rare, sporadically occurring disorder characterized by multiple widely distributed cutaneous and internal VMs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The risk of muscle involvement in focal venous malformations in children

Zhou,

Guo,

Wang

et al. 2023

Phlebology

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“…VMs tend to be in contiguous muscle groups, perhaps because they evolved during embryonic development along neurovascular pathways. 12,13 The focal VMs we studied are the same as their results, but more common in the extremities, 28(62%) lesions in muscle.The partial lesions of 5 multifocal VMs are in contiguous muscle groups; other remaining lesions are distant.The most common intramuscular VMs locations were in the lower leg, upper leg, and upper arm. 14 But in focal VMs, the lower limbs intramuscular VMs had a signi cantly elevated risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Focal venous malformations and risk of muscle involvement: A retrospective cohort study

Zhou

Song

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Venous malformations (VMs) are the most common vascular malformations. VMs can be classified as focal, multifocal, or diffuse types. Focal venous malformations with muscle involvement is not well defined.Objective: The aim of our study was to characterize characteristics of focal VMs and classify them based on position that are associated with invasion of muscle.Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective review of patients treated for focal VMs between February 2021 and February 2022.Results: We assessed 26 patients focal VMs with 47 lesions; 18 (69%) were unifocal, 3 (12%) were dual-focal and 5（19%）were multifocal type VMs, and 29（62%) were intramuscular VMs. Of all focal VMs, 32 (68%) lesions arose in the extremities, 10 (21%) in the head and neck region and 5 (11%) in the torso. The three groups were no statistical difference for the intramuscular VMs, 19 (68%) arose in extremities, 6 (21%) in the head and neck region and 3 (11%) in the torso. But the lower limbs intramuscular VMs had a signifificantly elevated risk of focal VMs(relative risk [RR],1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.148-2.394). Limitations: Retrospective, single-institution study.Conclusion: Intramuscular involvement of the body should be considered in focal VMs. The lower limbs intramuscular VMs had a signifificantly elevated risk of focal VMs.

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“…The knee is the most frequent reported location of IAVM, accounting for 60 % of all cases [ 1 , 5 ]. In a large cohort of non-syndromic lower extremity IAVM, knee involvement was observed in 97/156 (62 %) patients [ 10 ]. IAVMs seem overall rare, as this lesion was found in only one of 4682 knee arthroscopies [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-articular venous malformations of the knee: a diagnostic challenge

et al. 2021

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Background Intra-articular venous malformations (IAVM) are rare benign vascular anomalies that usually affect young patients and most common locate in the knee. The terminology of these lesions is still ill-defined, as they are often termed in the literature as synovial hemangiomas. Early diagnosis can be difficult, because they usually present with nonspecific clinical manifestations that are similar those of other rheumatic diseases, especially juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Case series We conducted a retrospective analysis of five pediatric patients admitted to our units for recurrent swelling of the knee, and compared their characteristics with those of literature reports. The average age at first symptom and time from onset to diagnosis was 3.9 years (range 18 months-7 years) and 3.5 years (range 1-7 years), respectively. In our patients, an initial misdiagnosis of JIA, bleeding disorder or traumatic arthropathy was made. On MRI imaging, the features of the lesion were similar in all patients, and were marked by isointense-to-hypointense signal in T1-weighted images, and hyperintense signal in T2-weighted images. When performed, arthrocentesis led to aspiration of bloody fluid. The diagnosis was confirmed with a biopsy and histopathologic assessment in all patients. Open surgery enabled complete excision of the mass and was followed by stable remission over time in all cases. Conclusions Our report highlights the challenges that may be posed by the detection of knee IAVM and the frequent long delay between onset of symptoms and diagnosis. The key elements for early recognition include careful assessment of patient history, demonstration of bloody fluid on arthrocentesis, and proper interpretation of MRI scanning.

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Classification of lower extremity venous malformations and risk of knee involvement: A retrospective cohort study

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

The risk of muscle involvement in focal venous malformations in children

The risk of muscle involvement in focal venous malformations in children

Focal venous malformations and risk of muscle involvement: A retrospective cohort study

Intra-articular venous malformations of the knee: a diagnostic challenge

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