Classification of Laryngotracheal Stenoses

Abstract

The surgical reconstructive management in laryngotracheal stenosis is dictated by location, type and extension of the laryngotracheal stenosis. This current clinical problem gives rise to propose a classification with regard to the various effects of damage found to be present in a particular form and simultaneously basing on the actual methods of surgical correction. Six outstanding types of laryngotracheal stenosis are systematically specified and in detail discussed.

Comparison of Inhaled Drug Delivery in Patients With One‐ and Two‐level Laryngotracheal Stenosis

“…Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a heterogenous disease with a variety of etiologies that ultimately cause fibrotic scarring of the airway leading to narrowing and obstruction. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The most common cause of LTS is intubation-related trauma. 7,8 Endotracheal tubes placed in the larynx or trachea with overly high cuff pressures can cause pressure necrosis or inflammation that eventually create fibrosis through the healing process.…”

“…7,16,17 LTS often occurs at a single site in the larynx or trachea but can also occur at multiple levels, termed multilevel stenosis. 1 As multilevel LTS is rare, there is limited characterization and understanding of its impact on upper airway airflow dynamics and topical drug delivery. 17 The LTS is a devastating condition that greatly impacts patients' quality of life, and limited management strategies make treatment difficult.…”

“…Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a heterogenous disease with a variety of etiologies that ultimately cause fibrotic scarring of the airway leading to narrowing and obstruction 1–6 . The most common cause of LTS is intubation‐related trauma 7,8 .…”

“…Other causes of LTS include idiopathic, burn injuries, autoimmune diseases, irradiation, and other direct trauma to the airway 7,16,17 . LTS often occurs at a single site in the larynx or trachea but can also occur at multiple levels, termed multilevel stenosis 1 . As multilevel LTS is rare, there is limited characterization and understanding of its impact on upper airway airflow dynamics and topical drug delivery 17 …”